Flashcards
3.7 Databases
Flashcards do conjunto (36)
- 1Tablesa collection of related information
- 2FieldEach Discrete chunk of information in a record. A column for a specific thing ie. First Name)
- 3RecordInformation relating to one person, product, or event. A row
- 4Primary KeyA Unique field in a database (for each record that allows it to be differentiated among other records (ID of a row)
- 5Compound Primary KeyTwo + primary keys used together to make identification more simple
- 6Flat File DatabaseA Table of Information tat is not connected to another table. Many duplicates in this style of databases make it commonly very inefficient
- 7Relational DatabaseA program that allows different tables to be linked together which reduces unnecessary repetition of data
- 8DBMS[Database Management System]
a single program or a system of programs that can manipulate (store, modify, and extract )data in a large collection of files. - 9QueriesA system that allows us to retrieve or edit information in a database. Standard Language for making queries is SQL (Standard Query language)
- 10MacrosA symbol, name, or key that represents a list of commands, actions, or keystrokes, in other words, macros allows the users to enter a single keystroke and be able to perform a whole series of action/functions
- 11Boolean Operatorsa type of logic (using AND, OR, NOT operators, for example) used by search engines to find information on the Internet and in electronic databases.
- 12Data RedundancyData that is repeated without intent.
Compromises
1) data integrity - The more it is listed, more prone to error
2) Wasted Space - 13Dirty Datadata with errors
- 14Data matchingMatching Related record in a database. record/ data linkage
- 15Data MiningDiscovery and Extraction go predictive information from large databases. Sorting through data to establish partners and relationships
- 16Mail mergeMerging Information in a database and a word processor
- 17Entry Formessentially paperwork filled out with information about an individual that will be uploaded to a database. Client level entry form for collecting information
- 18ReportsOrdered list of selected records and fields in an easy-to-read format. Displays information from a database in an easily understandable format
- 19Simple Primary KeyA unique number that separates each record for easy identification. It is made up of one field only. It is a special relational database table column to identify all table records. A field that can identify each record
- 20Foreign KeyLinks tables together in a relational database
- 21Referential IntegrityA feature associated with relational database management systems that prevents inconsistent data being entered into the database through the use of primary and foreign keys.
- 22ConcurrencyThe property in which two or more computing processes are executing at the same time.
- 23Transcription Errorserrors caused by misreading or misspelling data.
- 24Transposition Errorscaused by having data in the wrong order
- 25Validationautomatic computer check that makes sure that data entered is sensible and reasonable :
1) Range checks -this checks if the data inputted is within a certain range of characters given.
2) Presence check-this makes sure that some sort of data has been submitted, this does not check if it is correct though, this check is usually pared with other checks.
Valid for the category - 26Ascendingto arrange text or numbers in orders such as A-Z, Smallest to Largest, or Earliest to the Latest,
- 27Data Securityprotection of databases from unauthorized access
- 28Verificationensures that data entered into a database exactly matches its original source
- 29SQL(Standard Query Language)
standardized and commonly accepted language used for defining, querying, and manipulating a relational database. - 30OlTP(Online Transaction Processing)
A class of systems that supports or facilitates high transaction-oriented applications. The primary system features are immediate client feedback and high individual transaction volume. Commonly used in EHR - 31Table RelationsWe relate records via foreign keys, but some foreign keys can be related to multiple records. Table relations define this attribute
- 32One-to-OneBasically, a primary key acts as a foreign key in another table once. So if we have a "Husband" table and a "Wife" table, each table with a foreign key referring to a record in the other, one Husband will be referring to one Wife, and vice
- 33One-to manyWhen a primary key is preferred to by multiple foreign keys. For example, an author could have more than one book, so a "Book" table can have many books referring to one author. The image serves as an example.
- 34Many-to-ManyWhen multiple records in a table refers to multiple records in another. For example, we can have a "Class 1" table and "Class 2" table containing records of students, with a foreign key called "Best friend". Any student can refer to any other student as their best friend, so the relationship is many to many.
- 35Length Checkvalidation technique which consists of the system checking if the entry has only a certain amount of letters or numbers. (i.e. password character minimum)
- 36Data Typesvalidation technique in which the system checks if the data entered is the data type they want and need.