Flashcards
Atmosphere
Flashcards do conjunto (27)
- 1Why are we talking about the atmosphere in marine science? What is exchanged between atmosphere and ocean? what affects water flow?Atmosphere and ocean are linked
gases and water
wind - 2atmosphere composition Water vapour up to __% ____ air holds more water What does the density of air depend on? Warm air _____ which makes it more/less dense vapour weighs less than what?4
warm
temperature and water content
expands, less
nitrogen and oxygen - 3Air _____ when it expands, _____ as compressed water vapour often condenses into wat?cooler, warms
clouds in rising, cooling air - 4Heat budget The total ___ & ___ (heat budget) in balance for earth as a whole More ____ per area in tropics What is the polar-tropical heat imbalance decreased by?input, output
solar energy
ocean and atmospheric circulation - 5How is heat transferred from tropics to poles?1/3 through ocean currents
2/3 by water vapour (high latent heat of vaporization) - 6Mid-latitudes in northern hemisphere __x more solar energy in June than December3
- 7Atmosphere circulation What results in atmospheric circulation? Warm air _____, cool air _____uneven heating
rises, sinks - 8Coriolis effect What is it? Object moving across globe curves ___ in Northern hemisphere and ____ in southern hemisphere What is it caused by?Apparent force on a moving object due to rotation of earth
clockwise, counter-clockwise
frame of reference on spinning earth - 9Northern hemisphere- Coriolis deflects to ____ Southern hemisphere- Coriolis deflects to ____ What does it influence? when is it noticeable? When is it most obvious?Right
Left
any moving object with mass
only over several hours and long distance
mid latitude and with frictionless flow of fluids (layers of ocean water, winds) - 10Effect on Atmospheric Circulation What is deflected by Coriolis effect? When is air dense enough to fall back towards surface?Warm air rising at equator that moves poleward
30 degrees N and S
(turns back to equator and to right) - 11Surface Wind Patterns ___ between cells, air moves ___. ____ surface windsboundaries, vertically, weak
- 12What is the Doldrums or Inter tropical Convergence zone? (ITCZ) Where are horse latitudes?Two Hadley cells converge, Equatorial low
intersection of Hadley and Ferrel cells, deserts on land due to dry air sinking - 13What happens within cells?horizontal movement, strong dependable winds. west
- 14Global wind patterns what type of variations are there?day to day
seasonal - 15Monsoons What are Monsoons? Summer monsoon does what? What is it due to?Wind circulation pattern that changed with season. Usually wet summer, dry winter
Rains intense in Asia
difference in heating of land vs Ocean and N-S movements of ITCZ - 16Storms what are they? What can do a lot of damage?Regional atmospheric disturbances
The combination of atmosphere and ocean - 17Cyclones What are they? air mass= What do tropical cyclones form from? What do Extra-tropical cyclones in ferrel cells form at?-Rotating masses of lower-pressure air. Winds converge and ascend
-body of air with uniform temperature, humidity and density
-Disturbances within a warm, humid air mass (hurricanes)
-at front between air masses (winter storms) - 18Extra-tropical cyclones -Where do they form? -How do they develop?-They for at boundary between polar cell and Ferrel-cell- the polar front. Usually Winter.
-Twist develops in front. Begins rotating
counter-clockwise, speed increases as storm wraps up, low pressure zone in centre as air rises, precipitation develops - 19What are they the main cause of?Weather in mid-latitudes
- 20Tropical Cyclones What are they? Large ones are called what? What are cyclones with wind less than hurricane force called?-Masses of warm, humid, rotating air
-hurricanes or typhoons
-tropical storms and tropical depressions - 21They are circular spirals up to ___km wide and __km high Eye of the storm has what diameter? When do they occur? Where can't they form?1000, 15
13-16km
within one warm, humid air mass between 10 and 25 degrees north or south
close to equator because the Coriolis effect too weak - 22Origin Where are they usually from?/// When do circular winds begin to flow? When does it die down?-small tropical depression
-When heated over sea surface >26
-When they move over land or cool water - 23Tropical Cyclone Spin turns ___ in Northern Hemisphere ___ in Southern Why is this backwards to Coriolis effect?Counter clockwise
clockwise
it is caused by Coriolis deflection of approaching air - 24Hurricane Damage Winds up to ___ km/h Rapid rainfall can cause what? What is a storm surge? Very dangerous if?-250 km/h
-severe flooding
-It is the biggest danger. A mass of water driven by storm
-Coincides with high tide or if coastline converges - 25Why is Bangladesh so vulnerable?Funnel shaped, shallow bay with N-S moving cyclones and high tides= large storm surges
- 26Hurricane Katrina When was it? Where did it form? Where did it go? What category did it reach? Where did it hit land at? what did the storm surge up to?August 2005
Bahamas
Hit Florida as category 1, moved into Gulf of Mexico
5
Louisiana- Cat 4
8m - 27What did Super storm Sandy result from in in Oct 2012A rare collision between a frontal storm and a tropical storm
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- FlashCards sobre Atmosphere, criado por Courtney Sulliva em 23-02-2016.
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- Courtney Sulliva
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