Flashcards
Endocrine Glands
Flashcards do conjunto (67)
- 1What is the structure for the endocrine glands?Cells arranged in clusters or branching cords, thinly covered by fine connective tissue
- 2What is an example of a solitary endocrine cells that are distributed in the thyroid?C cells
- 3What are the early cord-like cell pattern replaced by in some endocrine glands?Development of globular follicles distended with stored secretion
- 4Where does the stored secretion accumulate?Intercellular position and the secretory cells become arranged as the lining of the follicle
- 5What is the arrangement in the thyroid gland?Characteristic follicles
- 6What is the variation in size partly due to?Plane of section and partly to cyclic activity of secretion
- 7With H&E, how can the colloid be described in each follicle?Brightly acidophilic
- 8What type of epithelium are the cells that line the follicles in the thyroid?Cuboidal epithelium
- 9What is another name for C cells?Parafollicular cells
- 10What do C cells secrete?Calcitonin
- 11How can you distinguish C cells form follicular epithelial cells?Nuclei are larger and the staining is slightly paler (with H&E)
- 12How can you distinguish of the gland was active from the follicle and the colloid?There are voids and so the cell has taken the colloid back up
- 13How many types of secretory cells are present in the parathyroid of a domestic mammal?One
- 14How are the secretory cells of the parathyroid gland of a domestic mammal arranged?Branching cords separated by a rich network of capillaries carried in thin connective tissue
- 15How can the capillaries be distinguished in a parathyroid section?Flattened nuclei of the endothelial cells
(contain erythrocytes) - 16What kind of cells can be found in the parathyroid gland but aren't visible on the virtual microscope sections?Oxyphil cells
- 17What is the main cell type found in the parathyroid gland?Chief cells
- 18What is the outer layer of the of the adrenal gland?Fibrous connective tissue capsule
- 19What is the parenchyma arranged into within the adrenal gland?Superficial cortex and inner medulla
- 20What does the adrenal cortex arise from?Mesoderm
- 21What does the adrenal medulla arise from?Ectodermal origin, being formed from neural crest cells which migrate out from the neural tube and differentiate into chromaffin cells
- 22What type of cells does the adrenal cortex consist of?Epitheloid glandular cells
- 23What are the 3 defined sections of the adrenal cortex?Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis - 24How can the zona glomerulosa be distinguished?Tall columnar cells arranged in tightly compressed arches or ovoid groups
- 25What is the arrangement of the cells in the zona fasicuclata?Clearly arranged in radial columns separated by the blood sinusoids
- 26What are lost from the zona fasicuclata when it is prepared histologically?Lipid droplets
- 27What is the texture of the cytoplasm in the zona fasicuclata cells?Foamy
- 28What is the arrangement of the cells in the zona reticularis?Branching and anastomosing cords
- 29What causes the zona reticularis cells to have a cytoplasmic brown colouration?Lipofuscin ('ageing' pigment) granules
- 30What types of cells and arrangement are found in the adrenal medulla?Large rounded cells in groups or cords
- 31What separates the cells in the adrenal medulla?Network of small veins
- 32What is the functional significance of storage of lipid droplets in the cells of the Zona fasciculata?Cholesterol is stored as lipid droplets due to steroid hormones not being stored and therefore it is essential for the production/secretion of these hormones
- 33What is the name of the grouped endocrine tissue found in the pancreas, which are found within the exocrine tissue?Islets of Langerhans
- 34How many polypeptide hormones are secreted by each cell that is found within the islets of Langerhans?One
- 35What are the 2 main secretory products of the endocrine pancreas?Insulin
Glucagon - 36What are the names of the cells that secrete insulin and glucagon?Glucagon: Alpha cells (stain pale red/pink)
Insulin: Beta cells (stain slate blue/grey) - 37Why are there only 2 cell types determined in the section?The stain only distinguishes the cells with 2 colours
Means that alpha and delta are the same colour - 38What other method can be used to determine which cells secrete other hormones?Immunohitochemical identification
- 39What are the 3 sections of the pituitary gland?Posterior
Intermediate
Anterior - 40What are the alternative names of the posterior pituitary?Neurohypophysis
Pars nervosa - 41What is the alternative name for the intermediate pituitary?Pars intermedia
- 42What is the alternative name for the anterior pituitary?Pars distalis
- 43What kind of tissue is found in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?Nervous tissue
(continuous from the infundibular stalk with the base of the brain) - 44Where are the cell bodies of the neurosecretory cells from the posterior pituitary lobe?Hypothalamic nuclei
- 45Where do the unmyelinated axons travel for the neurosecretory cells of the posterior pituitary?Descend through the infundibular stalk
- 46Where are the neurosecretory granules of ADH and oxytocin synthesised?Perinuclear cytpolasm
- 47What are the swellings called that are produced by the carrier protein neurophysin?Herring's bodies
- 48Where are Herring's bodies located?Posterior pituitary lobe
- 49Name 2 other cell types that are found in the posterior pituitary.Glial cells (pituicytes)
Capillary endothelial cells - 50How can the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland be distinguished?Comprises tightly packed columns of pale cells (one type) supported by vascularised connective tissue
- 51What type of tissue makes up the anterior pituitary?Glandular
- 52What is the way of classifying the glandular cells that are present in the anterior oituitary?Based in presence and staining of secretory granules
- 53Where do the released hormones from the anterior pituitary go?Into the small capillaries and venous sinusoids which are carried in the fine connective tissue enclosing the cell clusters
- 54What is the shape created by the glandular cells in the anterior lobe?Oval and rounded clusters
- 55What is carried by the fine connective tissue in the anterior lobe?Capillaries and larger venous sinusoids
- 56What are the 3 cell type found in the anterior lobe?Chromophobes
Acidophil cells
Basophil cells - 57How can chromophobes be distinguished?Cytoplasm is pale-staining and agranular
Often centrally in the cell clusters - 58How can acidophil cells be distinguished?Massed cytoplasmic granules staining with acid dyes
- 59What are 2 examples of acidophil cells and what do they secrete?Mammotrophs: Prolactin
Somatotrophs: Growth hormone - 60How can basophil cells be distinguished?Usually finer granules collectively giving the bluish purple colour
- 61Give 3 examples of basophil cells.Gonadotrophs
Thyrotrophs
Corticotrophs - 62Give 4 hormones that are secreted by basophil cells.FSH
LH
TSH
(all above are glycoproteins)
ACTH (polypeptide) - 63What separates the posterior and intermediate lobes from the anterior lobes?Hypophyseal cleft
- 64What is the hypophyseal cleft a remnant of?Original cavity of Rathke's pouch
(an ectodermal upgrowth which detaches from the buccal cavity during foetal histogenesis) - 65What is the staining method that produces a more positive reaction of the basophils?PAS
- 66What has immunocytochemistry made it possible to identify?Unambiguously the hormone products within the cells
- 67What cell type do the nuclei present in the posterior pituitary belong to?Pituicytes (glial cells)
Informações
- Descrição
- BVSc 1. Endocrine and Reproductive (Histology) FlashCards sobre Endocrine Glands, criado por Rachael Jones em 15-03-2016.
- Criado por
- Rachael Jones
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