Flashcards
Week Five
Flashcards do conjunto (17)
- 1What is cognition?- The mental processes involved in perceiving, attending to, understanding and recalling information
- 2Describe the cognitive learning theory?- Focuses on the internal mental processes and how learners manipulate information during learning
- 3When does meaningful learning occur?- When individuals are able to discover knowledge for themselves, perceive relations between old and new knowledge, apply their knowledge to solve new problems, communicate their knowledge to others and have continuing motivation for learning
- 4What do theories do?- Assist to understand children's development in order to design appropriate and meaningful learning
- Think deeply about how development occurs
- Factors that influence development and learning
- How we can support and enhance development and learning - 5Explain the biological theories of cognitive development.Gesell
- Children's development= innate biological processes
- Human characteristics bloom according to predetermined biological timetable
- Stages of development are invariant and predictable
- Environment provides basic nutrients and little role in development
- Children passively respond and adjust to the changes - 6Explain the cognitive theories of development.- Children construct their own understanding of their environment
- Development occurs through interplay between emerging mental abilities and environmental experiences - 7Who is Piaget and what did he do?- Father of constructivism
- Children progress through an invariant sequence of stages, universal
- Sensori-motor
- Preoperational
- Concrete operational
- Formal operational - 8What are some influences on development?- Maturation: gradual processes of change
- Activity: children actively create their own learning and that direct experience is essential for learning
- Social interaction: the place of peer interaction as a means of expanding their minds and overcoming conflict
- Equilibration: achieving cognitive balance between what is familiar and what is new through assimilation and accommodation - 9What changes with development?Schema:
- mental image of related ideas used to organise existing knowledge and to make sense of new experiences
Assimilation:
- adjusting an existing mental model or schema to fit new experiences
Accommodation:
- using fresh information to form a new mental model or schema - 10Explain contextual theories.- Social and cultural contexts influence children's development
- Variability from culture to culture
*what children are expected to learn
* how they acquire information and skills
* what activities they participate in
*when they are allowed to participate
- Children have an active role in shaping their development - 11What is the socio-cultural theory?- Vygotsky
- Learning and development occurs with sociohistorial and sociocultural context
- Knowledge is not individually constructed - 12What is internalization, social interaction and language as a mental toolInternalisation:
- Transformation of external process into internal processes that guide action and thought
Social Interaction:
- Learn to think when we interact with others
Language as mental tool:
- to socialise and interact with others
- Private speech: guide own thinking and actions
- Self- talk: Private speech uttered aloud - 13What is the zone of proximal development?- The distance between a child's current level of competence on a task and the level they can achieve with support or guidance
- 14What is information processing?- Explains thinking and the development of knowledge in terms of interactions between environmental influences and deliberate, reflective mental constructions
- Information is interprets, stores and retrieves - 15How do you process information?Short-term memory:
- Chunking and rehearsal
Long-Term memory:
*processes: encoding and retrieval
* strategies: rehearsal, elaboration and organisation - 16How do you transfer information into long-term memory?- Make information is presented clearly
- Minimise distractions
- Check if information has been received
- Rehearse, repeat the information
- Elaborate - 17What are the implications of the information processing theory?- Provide choices for young children
- Help children attend to the things that are important for them to learn and remember
- Talk with children about their experiences
- Keep unnecessary distractions to minimum
- Remember we can think about only a small amount of information at any one time
- Give children ongoing practice in using basic information and skills