Flashcards
Breast Exam
Flashcards do conjunto (37)
- 1At what point during the physical examination should you conduct the breast exam?At the end, just before the pelvic exam.
- 2What type of tissue is breast tissue?Secondary reproductive glands of ectodermal modified sweat gland origin
- 3What is the function of a breast?Lactation. Contain mammary glands.
- 4Describe the location of breast tissue.Tissue protrudes anterior to the pectoralis major muscle and includes the axillary tail of Spence.
- 5Where do breast lymphatics drain to?Breast lymphatics drain to the axilla. Less into supraclavicular nodes.
- 6Describe the areola and what it contains.The areola is a circular pigmented zone at the tip of the breast. Contains glands of Montgomery.
- 7What are the glands of Montgomery and where are they located?Glands of Montgomery are located in the skin of the areola. They are sebaceous glands responsible for lubrication of the nipple.
- 8What muscles are in the nipple?Circular and longitudinal smooth muscle bands at the nipple encircle the lactiferous ducts where milk is expelled during breastfeeding.
- 9What are lactiferous ducts?Where milk is expelled during breastfeeding.
- 10What are the Tanner Stages?Stages of breast development.
- 11Describe the Tanner Stages of breast development.Stage 1: Prepubertal
Stage 2: Breast buds
Stage 3: Further breast enlargement
Stage 4: Areola forms distinct mound on breast
Stage 5: Breast fills out, areola forms single contour with breast - 12What are the general steps of the breast exam?1. Inspection
2. Palpation
3. Lymph nodes - 13What positions does the patient have to be in for the inspection portion of the breast exam?1. Seated, arms at sides.
2. Arms over head.
3. Hands on hips, pectorals engaged
4. Leaning forward (for pendulous breasts) - 14Should the patient be partially covered, fully covered, or uncovered for inspection?Uncovered. Both breasts are inspected together.
- 15What are you inspecting the breasts for?Skin dimpling, shadows, masses, asymmetry of breasts or nipple deviation.
- 16What areas are you palpating?All quadrants of the breasts, the axillary and supraclavicular nodes.
- 17In what position should the patient be when you are palpating all quadrants of the breast?Supine, with one arm over the head on each side.
- 18In what position should the patient be when you are palpating the axillary and supraclavicular nodes?Sitting, arms extended 60-90 degrees.
- 19What are some tips for palpation?Cover the breast not being examined. Stand on the side of the patient you are examining.
- 20Describe the method of palpation.Use flattened fingers in either circular motion or vertical strips in each quadrant, including the tail of Spence.
- 21What are you looking for when you are palpating the areola/nipple area?Palpate under the areola and nipple and test for expression of fluid from the nipple.
- 22What are you noting about the tissue in palpation?Glandular feel of the tissue. Sometimes it is more fibrous/dense, making the exam more difficult.
- 23Where are the lymph nodes you are examining?
- 24Where is the lateral chain of lymph nodes located?Along the humerus
- 25Where is the subscapular chain of lymph nodes located?Along the chest wall posteriorly
- 26How do you check for nipple discharge?By pressing on the areola
- 27Is it recommended to teach women to do a self breast exam?USPSTF says no, ACOG and ACS say yes
- 28What are some breast exam tips?Use a clockwise position for all circular structures. There are hormonal cyclic changes for menstruating females, so the tissue may be sensitive.
- 29If you find a breast mass, what are some characteristics to note?1. Size, location, and distance from the nipple
2. Character: tender, hard, fluctuant, etc.
3. Margins/borders
4. Mobile or fixed
5. Skin changes or nipple changes
6. Any nodes involved - 30—Dimpling
- 31—peau d'orange
- 32What are some risk factors for breast cancer?1. Being a woman
2. Linear increase in age after 30
3. Genetic mutation (BRCA1 or 2), 45-65% risk by age 70 - 33How many people have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutation?5-10% of the population
- 34How is an augmentation mammoplasty typically done?Done several ways, usually with a saline implant. Incision may be on areolar line. Sub pectoral.
- 35Can you conduct a breast exam on a woman with breast augmentation?Yes. Same exam is conducted, but you are feeling the tissue of the breast not the implant beneath it.
- 36How do you document the breast exam?1. Breast symmetric on inspection without skin dimpling, shadows, or rash.
2. Nipples symmetric on inspection without deviation, retraction, puckering, discharge, or rash.
3. Breast tissue heterogenous without masses or tenderness on palpation; areola smooth without masses, no nipple discharge present
4. No axillary or supraclavicular lymph node enlargement on palpation. - 37List the breast exam checklist.1. Inspect the skin, nipples and breasts with patient fully exposed, seated; arms at sides, arms over head, hands on hips, and leaning forward
2. Palpate the breast tissue bilaterally with patient seated, leaning forward
3. Palpate the breast tissue bilaterally with patient supine, arm over head; examine entire breast to clavicle and including tail of Spence
4. Palpate areola and nipple, and gently squeeze nipple for discharge
5. Palpate lymph nodes in axilla and supraclavicular areas
Informações
- Descrição
- PD Module 1 FlashCards sobre Breast Exam , criado por Adriana Morales em 16-10-2016.
- Criado por
- Adriana Morales
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