Flashcards
Ju Ju on that OT1
Flashcards do conjunto (61)
- 1CanonAccepted Body of works (Rule)
Accepted Scriptures
3 Canons
Hebrew canon =TaNAKh-
Torah (law) (pentateuch) (5 books)
Nevi'im (prophets, narrative, except Ruth)
Kethuhbim- Poetic books writings, wisdom literature, Ruth
Protestant Canon = OT, NT
Catholic Canon = OT, NT Apochrypha (Deuterocanonicals) - 2Manuscript (Manuscript families)Hand written copies of one or more parts of scripture
- 3SopherimScribes, bookmen, Jewish scholars
- 4MasoretesAnnotators, made notes in the margins of the manuscripts
- 5SeptuagintLXX (First translation of OT)
LXX means 70 but there were 72 writers
Translated into Greek around 2 BCE
Books consider to be a part of OT were written middle of 2nd BCE - 6TargumsAnother translations into other languages such as Syriac and Aramaic
- 7Vulgateo 4th century common area. Jerome went to Rabbis and learned Hebrew and single handedly translated bible into Latin
o Vulgar means common
o The only bible people could get access to for 1,000 years
o Long after Latin language was dead and only priests could read so they could teach any way they wanted - 8Documentary Hypothesis ThanksSimplified version of who wrote the Bible. Acknowledges different writers at different times
JEPD - 9J sourceYahwist- anthropomorphisms
earliest source (written in the south)
God is personal
earthy language
God is LORD - 10EElohist
Written later, from the northern kingdom
More elegant language
God is more distant
Appears from a distance (cloud)
Elohim - 11DDeuternomist
You will obey and I will Bless
Quid pro quo
Probably Exilic
Covenant based
God called by different names - 12PPriestly Source
Post Exilic
written after 538
Poetic Language, legalistic, formal (numbers)
God was called by different names - 13Exegesis“to lead out”, to tease out the meaning of the text, hermeneutics (interpretation).
o Analysis of the words, how they are put together, how the words in small passage fit into larger context, how it fits into culture of when context was written, how was it read through the years.
o What was written?
o In what setting was it written?
o Why was it written?
o How does it fit in larger context? - 14HermaneuticsInterpretation
- 15EtiologyThe story of how things came to be
- 16Creation Story 1P Source
Dramatic and eloquent
God distant and powerful
Took 7 days
Influenced from Babylon
Humans Created Last - 17Creation Story 2J Source
Earthy
God is Yahweh Elohim
Personable
Took 1 Day
Older Tradition
Man Created Second
Woman last, part of man - 18The FallGenesis 3
J Source
Earthy Language
Tells a story
God is there in garden
Largely etiological - 19Flood Stories (ch. 6-9)o Sumerian: King Ziusudra, Utu, Anu, and Enil
Gods grew angry at black headed people (they called themselves black headed) and sent a flood to destroy humankind. Z built a great boat and all the windstorm attached as one and the flood swept over for 7 days and nights. Z opened a window and U (the son a god) entered the boat.
o Babylonian: Atra-Hasis/Utnapishtim, Ea, Enil
High god Enil decided to destroy humans for one human because of population control, because people were making too much noise. Gods created people to do the gods work for them. Ea tells AH about the plan, and it would be wise to build a boat.
o Herbrew
God sends flood because humans have grown so wicked. - 20Flood Stories (J and P)Clearly 2 distinct stories woven into 1
P source was 2 of each animals for a year long flood
J source was distinction of clean versus unclean animals for 40 days and 40 nights - 21Ancestor Stories2 stories about ancestry
Purpose is to describe re-population after flood - 22Table of NationsGenesis 10
Ham- Caannites (slaves, mesopotamia)((cursed for looking at naked Abraham))
Shem-Semites (Middle Eastern People) Japheth- Went towards the islands (sea-farers and Europeans) - 23Tower of BabelGenesis 11
J Source
No knowledge of Noah and Sons
Etiology for how people got across the earth
Babylon (Gate of God ) (Babel = confuse)
God confused them by mixing languages
Ziggurat (Square wedding cake tower) - 24The Two HistoriesPrimeval Genesis 1-11
Patriarchal 12-50 - 25Primeval HistoryCreation, Flood, Re-population
Abram enters end of chapter 11 - 26Patriarchal Historych. 12- 50
Patriarchs of Israel
Small independent states
Sons were prized (primogeniture)
Mostly Caananites
Blessings and Curses were thought to have powers
Gods often localized - 27Changing TheismOver time
Polytheism- Worship of many gods
Changed to
Henotheism- Many gods but only worship one
Eventually became
Monotheism- One God (8th century development) - 28Practiceso Practices included sacrifices, covenant making, circumcision
Circumcision Genesis 17 (has been practice before this chapter in other areas) but was given as a covenant
- If person breaks a covenant they get cut - 29Theophany• Greek for an appearance from God
o J- anthropomorphic
o E- through angel
o P- appearance of fear (Abraham) - 30Abraham Full of Promise• Primary theme is that God made a covenant with Israel for the good of the world. And its for the good of Israel
• The command, a radical command: “leave…and go” (v. 1) Abram is told to leave his kindred, and country and father’s house (suggest his immediate family). God calls Abram to leave behind everything and doesn’t even tell him where he’s going. Abram had tremendous trust and amazement that God had spoken to him.
• Then God offers radical promises: (God is promising this to a 75 year old man that doesn’t have any children.) - 31Progeny and Property To be a great nation you need children and land.
Progeny: children, descendants
Property
The rest of the book of Genesis is concerned with the fulfillment of the promise of progeny. It tells how we got form Abraham to 12 tribes. And all the way into Judges is how they got the property, promise land. Outline of the next several books of Bible. - 32A blessing When human says a blessing it is powerful, imagine how powerful when God says a blessing.
- 33A name The people wanted to make a names for themselves (tower of Babel) but God promises to make a great name for Abraham
- 34A chance to bless the world A promise to become a blessing to the entire world.
- 35J's Didactic Schemeo The stories are designed to teach an important lesson: Yahweh’s promises may be threatened, but God is faithful and can be trusted to fulfill the promises.
- 36Primary Themes of ExodusDeliverance
Covenant
Presence - 37Deliverance• From oppressors in Egypt (1:1-15:21)
o Plagues prove power and presence of God. - 38Covenant• Israel at Sinai (19-24)
o The book of the covenant (21-23)
o Israel swear fealty to Yahweh (24)
o This is the first time God enters a covenant with all the people of Israel. (19)
o Where Israel is born
• Priestly rules and regulations are given (25-31)
• Israel rejects, reaffirms the covenant (32-34)
o Golden calf
• Moses fulfills all ritual regulations (35-40) - 39PresencePresence (get these notes offline, test question: cumulative proof of the presence) This is one place the presence of God is highlighted.
• Note the “cumulative proof of the presence” demonstrated in plagues, deliverance at sea.
o Moses is demonstrated just as much to Egyptians as he is the Israelites.
o Ignorance
o Limited obedience
o Fearful obedience (12:31-32 - 40Ten CommandmentsExodus 20
First four how to relate to God
Last six how to relate to others - 41Leviticus (Almost entirely from the P source)Instructions for Sacrifice
Burnt offerings (1:1-17)
• Only time you burn the whole lamb
• Still slaughter and skin
Cereal offerings (2:1-16)
• Wheat
Sin offerings (3:1-6:30)
• H’tah (means sin)
• Mostly to purify the sanctuary because it has been defiled by human sin
Guilt offerings (7:1-27)
• Asham
• Reparations
“Peace” (shelamim)(plural of shalom) offerings (7:28-38)
• Ritual to eat meat (didn’t get to do often) - 42Leviticus (continued)Setting: Mount Sinai
Rules about Sacrifice
Day of Atonement
Holiness Code: Created to make Israel distinct from their neighbors
*Found ch. 17-26 - 43Beginnings of worship for people of Israel: chs. 8-10The consecration of Aaron as high priest reportedly sets in motion the rules
previously given. This seems to take up the narrative from Exod. 29:35 - 44Regulations on cultic purity: chs. 11-15Laws about individual purity, cleanliness/uncleanliness
Clean food, clean water (ch. 11)
Rules for women regarding birth and bleeding (ch. 12)
Rules about skin diseases (ch. 13-14)
Rules for men regarding “discharges” and “emissions” (15:1-18)
More rules for women regarding menstruation (15:19-33) - 45Rules for day of atonementProbably a late insertion, rarely mentioned elsewhere.
• Rules for annual sacrifices and a “scapegoat” ceremony: as part of Day of Atonement ceremony they’d take goat, and priest would put his hands on it and pray, and all the sins would be put into the goat, the goat is sent out into the wilderness for the demons and whatever bad things might be in the desert to kill it. A way of purity for Israel, they put their sins on the goat. (TEST: Where would you find the rules for the Day of Atonement? Leviticus) - 46The Holiness Code: chs. 17-26Thought to be the oldest part of the books, note repeated refrain “You shall be
holy, for I am holy” (Lev. 19:2, etc.). Spells out what “being holy” means in
practical terms. Includes rules about foot, nakedness, sacrifices, relationship to
others, animal breeding, avoiding witchcraft, respecting elders, rules regarding
adultery, along having intercourse with relatives or animals, rules about
prostitutes, qualifications for priests, rules for the observance of religious festivals
and of the Sabbath, rules about debts, slavery, and the Jubilee year. And, a section
(26:3-46) that sounds like it comes straight from Deuteronomy.
• What the priest thought holiness meant in practical terms.
• What’s the big deal? Why should it matter if I sow corn and stream beams together? Why can’t we blend two types of fabric? It seems to be related to the idea that the whole purpose of the rules is to make Israel distinctive. Holy isn’t just about being pious or ritually pure, holy carries the notion of separateness, these rules would set Israel apart. It would set them a - 47Dedicatory gifts: ch. 27Gifts for Dedication
- 48Themes of Leviticus1. Preserving foundational laws, in danger of being forgotten, but attributing them all to Moses at Mount Sinai.
2. To explain the various tragedies as punishment for failing to keep the ritual laws.
3. To encourage present and future adherence to the laws of holiness.
4. To redefine sacrifice as primarily a means of atonement.
*This is where we get rules about sacrifice, day of atonement, and holiness code. - 49Caleb and JoshuaTEST: Caleb and Joshua were not afraid, they were the faithful and were the only 2 allowed to enter the promise land.
- 50Shemato listen
Deuteronomy 6 (know where found) - 51Story of BalaamNumbers 22-26
Balaam was paid to curse Israel but his Donkey spoke and told him not to. Ended up blessing Israel and cursing other peopl - 52IsaacRebecca's husband
- 53RachelMother of Joseph and Benjamin
(Jacobs Wife) - 54Deuteronomic History TheologyCh. 28
Focuses on Curses and Blessing
Quid pro quo
Guided theology for much of OT - 55Texts to Remember• A call to remembers (4:32)
o God called on Israel to remember how he had brought them out of Egypt, parted the Red Sea, fed them, etc. The many ways God had delivered them.
• A reminder o the 10 Commandments (5:6-21)
o First 4 are ones relationship to God.
o Other 6 are how we relate to other people.
• A call to teach (the shema, 6:1-9)
o TEST: shema: means listen
o Yahweh is our God, Yahweh is one. They don’t seen to come to a place of monotheism yet, the commandments imply that there are other Gods but you don’t worship them. - 56Criticisms to rememberText
Form
Source
Redaction
Rhetorical - 57TextSomeone has to put all of the manuscripts together and compare them.
Determine which reading of the text is closest to what author intended - 58FormHermann Gunkel
Sitz-im-leban
what was the context in which this was written? Literally it means situation in life. (Gunkel came up with this)
o What literary form do we have here.
o We write different things for different reasons and in different forms, a personal letter is different than a letter to the editor, they take different forms. - 59SourceWho wrote what?
Multiple sources
Why there are different authors
Julius Wellhausen* - 60Redactiono Richard Friedman
o *Tendentious: trying to make a point. Lighter wait version of propaganda. Written to persuade.
o Especially important in our understanding of the Torah, because these books seemed to have gone under varies edits. Its important to understand the Bible was written, it came together in such a way to make a theological point. Historical writings aren’t there to record history, they are there to record a particular way of understanding history. - 61RhetoricalSimilar to form, but looking deeper into literary intricacies
Informações
- Descrição
- Notes for Old Testament 1 Midterm
- Criado por
- Rudi Rudisill · out 2016
- Atualizado
- 6 abr 2018
- Visualizações
- 28
- Avaliação