Flashcards
Head & Neck
Flashcards do conjunto (56)
- 1What are the main bones of the skull?Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid bone
- 2What is the temporomandibular joint responsible for?opening and closing the mouth
- 3What kind of joint is the temporomandibular joint?condylar synovial joint
- 4What muscle is responsible for opening the mouth?external pterygoids
- 5What does CN V innervate?masseter, temporalis
- 6What muscle is responsible for closing the mouth?internal pterygoids
- 7How do you examine the TMJ?1) Inspect: swelling, redness near external auditory meatus
2) Palpate: fingers in front of tragus, palpate (while patient uses joint) for clicking & pain
3) Have patient open & close mouth, jut jaw forward and move jaw side to side - 8What does the external, middle and internal ear composed of?External: auricle, canal and tympanic membrane
Middle: air filled cavity containing ossicles: malleus, incus and stapes
Inner: cochlea, vestibular apparatus - 9What are the 4 steps of physical exam of the ear?1) Inspect: external ear
2) Palpate: external ear
3) Examination of ear canal and tympanic membrane using otoscope
4) Assessment of hearing - 10What is Ramsey Hunt Syndrome?An external ear herpetic infection of the geniculate ganglion that can affect CN VIII, causing hearing loss.
- 11What is cauliflower ear?Outer ear swelling and deformity due to repeated trauma, blood clot or fluid build-up under perichondrium, causes separation of cartilage from perichondrium and resulting in formation of fibrous tissue.
- 12Is this proper otoscope examination technique?No.
-Both eyes need to be open
- right hand should be distracting the auricle
- left hand technique is wrong.
- 13What is the proper otoscope exam technique?1) Hold scope upside-down with left hand
2) Use 4th & 5th left finger to brace pt's head
3) Use right hand to distract right auricle
4) Keep both eyes open
- 14What is otitis externa?Auditory canal pseudomonas infection that blocks the tympanic membrane
Symptoms: narrow, moist canal, pale and tender
- 15Normal tympanic membrane
- 16Tympanic membrane with cerumenoften yellowish but can be brown, sticky. You must remove all debris to view tympanic membrane
- 17What is the purpose of a pneumatic otoscopy?-To assess patients with possible otitis media or effusion of tympanic membrane.
-Puff of air onto TM during examination.
Normal: TM should be mobile and flutter with puff of air
Abnormal: no flutter movement, possible serous fluid behind eardrum - 18Abnormal Pneumatic Otoscopy finding-displaced cone of light at 2 o'clock position. Normal: 5-7 o'clock.
-opaque
-ossicles are barely seen
- 19Serous Otitis Mediacauses: viral URT infections, sudden changes in atm. pressure
characteristics: noninfected fluid behind TM, bulging, light displacement, opacity
- 20Suppurative Otitis Mediacause: bacterial infection
characteristics: bulging membrane, pus, erythema, light displacement
- 21Tympanic perforationhole in eardrum due to bacterial infection of middle ear. Discharge may drain out of opening
- 22TympanosclerosisLarge, chalky patch of scar tissue following severe otitis media. Does not impair hearing
- 23What is the conductive hearing mechanism?One of two mechanisms of hearing.
Sound waves vibrate through air -> ear canal --> TM --> vibrating ossicles. Sound waves can vibrate through bone and directly vibrate ossicles, bypassing TM. - 24Three ways to loss conductive hearing1) ear canal blockage
2) perforation of TM
3) ossicles issues - 25What is sensorineural hearing?One of the two mechanisms of hearing.
Ossicles transmit vibrations to the oval window --> cochlea that is lined with specialized receptors --> cochlea send signals to brain via CN VIII - 26How can you lose sensorineural hearing?disruption of the neural pathway (inner ear or brain)
- 27How can you grossly evaluate hearing acuity?Finger rub or whispered voice
1) Pt occludes one ear
2) Rub fingers and check distance at which pt can hear
3) Whisper word behind pt, ask pt to repeat word - 28What is the Rinne test?-compares air & bone conduction
normal: air conduction > bone conduction
conductive hearing loss: bone conduction > air conduction
sensorineural hearing loss: overall hearing is decreased, air > bone conduction - 29What is the Weber's test?-For pts who fail whisper test
-tests for lateralization
Conductive hearing loss: sound heard in BAD ear, bone conduction is still normal
Sensorineural hearing loss: sound heard in GOOD ear. Sound is not getting transmitted via CN VIII to brain in bad ear. - 30What do you look for during inspection and palpation of the nose?1) alignment
2) bony crepitus (rice krispie sounds --> air present in subq space)
3) nasal tenderness
4) sinus tenderness
5) speculum exam - 31Name three nasal sinuses that we palpatefrontal, ethmoid and maxillary sinuses
- 32Nasal polypspale sac-like growths of inflamed tissue
-could be due to allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic sinus infection
- 33Allergic rhinitispale mucosa, cobblestoning, wet appearance
- 34Acute bacterial rhinosinusitispurulent drainage, erythema, tenderness
- 35What are common oropharynx complaints?1) sore throat (pharyngitis, peritonsillar abscess
2) bleeding gums
3) toothache
4) oral lesions (ulcers, lumps)
5) facial swelling
6) hoarseness, voice changes - 36What do you inspect for in the lips?color, moisture, cracking, lesions
- 37What do you inspect for in the oral mucosa?color, ulcers, patches & lesions, nodules
- 38What do you inspect for in the teeth and gingiva?color, gum margins, interdental papillae, missing/broken teeth, teeth discoloration, position and alignment
- 39What do you inspect for in the tongue?movement, symmetry, color/texture, lesions/coating, protrusions (CN XII)
- 40What do you inspect for in the floor of the mouth?lesions
- 41What do you inspect for in the roof of the mouth?color, architecture
- 42What do you inspect for in the pharynx?-say "Ahhhh" and check for color, symmetry, exudates, swelling
-check soft palatte, uvula, tonsils, ant. & post. pillars - 43Tonsillitis-white exudate on the tonsils
-enlarged anterior & posterior cervical lymph nodes
- 44Oral herpes simplex
- 45Leukaplakia-thickened white patch
-can be due to tobacco chewing or HPV
- 46Oral cancer
- 47What are the neck muscle landmarkssternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius muscle
- 48What are the lymph nodes found in the neck?preauricular, posterior auricular, occiptal, tonsillar, submandibular, submental, superficial cervical, posterior cervical, deep cervical, supraclavicular
- 49What do you inspect for in the trachea?-ID thyroid and cricoid cartilage
-is trachea midline?
-check for deviation, feel for crepitus - 50What do you inspect for in the thyroid gland?1) Tilt the patient's head back
2) look for contour, symmetry & size, thrills (vibration) - 51What do you look for when you palpate the neck?-Position pt with neck slightly forward
-check for neck masses & signs of pain, tenderness, soft, rubbery, fluctuant, mobile or fixed position - 52What do you look for when you palpate the thyroid gland?-Examine patient from behind
-note size, shape, consistency, nodules or thrills
-most masses are benign
- 53Goiter-enlargement of thyroid gland
- 54Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)creamy white lesions due to overgrowth of Candida albicans
- 55Parotid gland massenlarged salivary gland tumor
- 56Keloidhypertrophic scar tissue
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- PD Module 1 FlashCards sobre Head & Neck , criado por Adriana Morales em 22-10-2016.
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- Adriana Morales
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- Criado por Jennie Pham · 21 out 2016
- Copiado por Adriana Morales · 22 out 2016
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