Flashcards
Coastal Change and Conflict Flashcards
Flashcards do conjunto (19)
- 1Constructive WaveA gently breaking wave that has a strong swash and weak backwash. It adds more material to the beach than it removes.
They are formed with light winds and short fetches. They are low in height and are widely spaced. Resulting beaches tend to be wide and shallow. - 2Destructive WaveA strong wave with a weak swash and strong backwash. It removes more material from the beach than it adds.
They are formed by strong winds and long fetches. They are tall and steep, and are closely spaced. Resulting beaches tend to be narrow and steep - 3Concordant CoastThe type of coast where rock runs parallel to the coastline.
- 4Discordant CoastA coast where bands of hard and soft rocks lie at right angles to the coastline, forming bays and headlands.
- 5JointA vertical crack within a layer of rock.
- 6FaultA fracture or break in rocks.
- 7HeadlandAn area of more resistant rock jutting out into the sea from the cliff-line.
- 8BayAn area of sea, curved in shape which has been eroded between two headlands.
- 9CaveA hollow at the base of a cliff which has been eroded backwards by waves.
- 10ArchThe rock bridge formed over a passage through a headland eroded by the waves.
- 11CliffA steep rock face, especially at the edge of the sea.
- 12StackAn isolated column of rock, standing just off the coast that was once attached to the land.
- 13Wave Cut PlatformA flat area of rock at the bottom of the cliffs seen at low tide.
They begin to form during high and low tides. Through abrasion and hydraulic action, the waves undercut the cliff, forming a wave-cut notch. This gets deeper, until the cliff collapses under its own weight, forming the WCP. - 14Hydraulic ActionA form of erosion caused by water forcefully hitting cliffs, often forcing pockets of air into cracks.
- 15AbrasionA form of erosion caused by the waves picking up stones and hurling them at cliffs.
- 16AttritionA type of erosion where stones and rocks are picked up by waves and are rubbed against each other, smoothing them down into pebbles and grains, getting smaller and rounder all the time.
- 17SolutionA type of erosion where seawater dissolves some rock minerals, causing the rock to disintegrate. This happens particularly in limestone.
- 18Longshore DriftThe movement of material along a beach transported by wave action. Prevailing winds mean waves hit the beach at an angle, so sediment is pushed up the beach.
- 19SpitA ridge of sand or shingle deposited by the sea, attached to the land at one end, but the other end ending in a bay or river mouth.
Caused by Longshore Drift.