Flashcards
Moral Psych
Flashcards do conjunto (29)
- 1Immanuel Kanthuman reasoning is capable of revealing eternal truths about the world and morality;
argued for Universal Moral Law, that is there is a general universal moral code that applies to all of us - 2categorical imperativeso act as if your goals should serve at the same time as the universal law of all rational beings
ex. wonder if everyone should wander around stealing lunches, does it work in universal setting? If not, then don’t do it; aka the golden rule
(only act if your goals would work in a universal setting) - 3David Humesentimentalism = morality grounded in emotional responses; don’t steal because we feel bad when we think about stealing someone’s lunch
- 4Kant vs. Humenewer processing system (voluntary action, complex judgment, symbolic thought) vs. older emotional system (emotion, motivation, simple judgment)
- 5Paul BloomMorality is not just something that people learn. It is something we are all born with.
- 6Thomas JeffersonThe moral sense, or conscience, is as much a part of man as his leg or arm. It is
given to all human beings in a stronger or weaker degree, as force of members is given them in a greater or lesser degree.
individual variations in moral sense but still innate to children - 7universals !!!Intuitions about fairness and reciprocity
— anger at cheaters, gratitude toward sharers
Intuitions about moral and immoral acts
Adult humans, but also young children, babies - 8study by Felix Warneken; proactive helpinginfants partake in proactive helping
proactive helping=help without being asked to help, including in situations in which the helpee is oblivious to the problem and thus provides no communicative or
behavioral cues that intervention is necessary - 9Karen Wynndevelopment of moral reasoning capabilities in children and babies
(Prosocial circle, antisocial square help, hinder triangle up a hill) - 10Lawrence Kohlbergdeveloped stages of moral development using Heinz dilemma (should man steal drug to save dying wife?)
- 11Level 1(pre-conventional, younger than age 10)
How can I avoid punishment? - 12Level 2(conventional, adolescents/many adults) Follow the rules and do not question them
- 13Level 3(post-conventional, some adults)
balance conflicting demands of justice and fairness; consider social contracts between individuals, reason using abstract principles - 14Carol GilliganKohlberg only tested men; women have different moral development;
Harm/care
It is wrong to harm people (men)
It is good to relieve suffering (women) - 15harm-based moralityDO NOT cause harm,
DO NOT infringe on other’s welfare - 16care-based moralityDO provide for others,
DO act so as to relieve suffering - 17Kohlberg vs. GilliganKohlberg = new, rational part of brain
Gilligan = older, emotional part of brain - 18trolley problem5 people about to be crushed by train - pull lever so that only 1 person killed
5 people about to be crushed by train - push man to stop train from killing 5
most people: yes to first, no to second - 19(harm-based moral judgments affected by)action principleHarm caused by an action is worse than harm caused by an omission; rational part of brain
- 20intention principleHarm that is intended is worse than harm that is just foreseen; emotional part of brain
- 21contact principleHarm caused by physical contact is worse than harm caused through another means
- 22moral dumbfoundinga moral intuition or feeling that persists even in a total absence of ability to rationally justify it
- 23moral judgmentcomes from emotional responses; defined as evaluations (good vs. bad) of the actions or character of a person that are made with respect to a set of virtues held to be obligatory by a culture or subculture
- 24moral justificationcomes from rational processes;
conscious mental activity that consists of transforming given information about people in order to reach a moral jud - 25VMPFCmonitors incoming sensations; damage to this aspect have trouble with moral decisions, too rational; more willing to kill infant utilitarian decisions
- 26Josh Greenemoral dilemmas in MRI machines, which brain part used?
- 27What's it for?tribe with morality will win over most other tribes; through natural selection, these traits are expressed more over time
- 28Johnathan Haidt: Moral foundations across culturesHarm/care: foster safe environment for vulnerable people in pop
Fairness: things allocated in fair manner; cheaters punished; fairness sense in some primates too
Ingroup/loyalty: favoring your group relative to other groups (HARVARD SUCKS)
Authority/respect: allows for stability and advancement across generations; opposite is subversion
Purity/sanctity: - 29liberals vs. conservativesliberals dwell on harm and fairness whereas conservatives rate moral dimensions uniformly
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- Science FlashCards sobre Moral Psych, criado por Sneha Mittal em 08-12-2016.
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- Sneha Mittal
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