Flashcards
IB definitions: Oceans
Flashcards do conjunto (37)
- 1OceansBodies of water that surround continents which usually have high concentrations of salt
- 2SeaBodies of water that are surrounded by land, which usually consist of salt water
- 3Convection currentsCause plate movement below the earth's crust, and form oceanic and continental features
- 4Divergent plate boundaryBoundary where tectonic plates spread apart, and magma rises and then is cooled
- 5Convergent plate boundaryBoundary where plates move closer together, and crust is destroyed in this collision
- 6Transform plate boundaryBoundary where tectonic plates slide past each other but no new plate material is formed or destroyed
- 7Hot SpotA very hot area in the mantle creates a hot spot where volcanoes can form in the middle of tectonic plates
- 8GuyotA seamount that has a flat top due to either erosion, or a previously sunken volcanic island
- 9Abyssal PlainThe largest part of the ocean floor that consist of a fairly deep level plain. Starts at the end of a continental slope, and is featureless except for seamounts, ridges, guyots and volcanic islands.
- 10Continental shelfA relatively flat and shallow area of seabed that stretches from the coast to the edge of the shelf where it suddenly drops to the ocean floor.
- 11Continental slopeThe edge of a continental shelf where the ocean floor drops down steeply to an abyssal plain
- 12Submarine canyonThe result of 'landslides' found along the continental slope. Deep divots in the slope.
- 13Abyssal hillA small hill that rises from the abyssal plain, no more than a few hundred meters
- 14SeamountA volcano that has not reached all the way to the surface of the water to be considered a volcanic island
- 15Oceanic trenchA deep depression that is found along the edges of the ocean floor. Usually found where two plates collide and one is forced under the mantle
- 16ThermoclineThe temperature in the top 500 m of water decreases at a steady rate, however after that temperatures take a sharp change.
- 17SalinityThe salt content of the ocean water, measured in ppm
- 18Thermohaline circulationThe oceanic conveyor belt that includes both subsurface currents and surface currents
- 19La NiñaA phenomenon caused by very strong trade winds that cause warm water to be pushed further west
- 20El NiñoA phenomenon caused by weak trade winds that cause warm water to be collected in the east
- 21OverfishingTo continuously catch more fish than the system can naturally produce
- 22BioticLiving factors in an ecosystem
- 23AbioticNonliving factors in an ecosystem
- 24EutrophicationA process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorous and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to an increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria
- 25Red TidesA red, orange or brown colouration of the water caused by a bloom or population explosion of algae; many cause serious environmental harm and threaten the health of humans and animals
- 26CurrentsMass movements of surface water produced by prevailing winds blowing over the oceans
- 27Exclusive Economic ZoneAreas extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) from shore over which countries have sovereign rights for resource exploration
- 28Territorial watersArea that extends from 0 to 12 nautical miles from a countries coastline where the same law on apply
- 29PolypA strand of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds from which coral reefs are formed. It is an organism.
- 30Fringing reefA coral reef that develops as a narrow band close to a shore
- 31Barrier reefA coral reef surrounding an island or lying parallel to the shore of a continent, separated from land by a deep lagoon. Coral debris islands may form along the reef.
- 32AtollA ring shaped reef composed largely of coral. These features are quite common in the tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean
- 33MangrovesSalt-tolerant forests of trees that grow along tropical coastlines in the interdital zone.
- 34Drift netsTransparent nets that drift overnight catching anything within a 2 to 90 km radius
- 35Bottom drag netsTurn the ocean floor into a waste land by dragging them along the sea floor
- 36Dynamite fishingCoral is blown up to stun the fish along them and causing them to float on top of the water.
- 37Cyanide fishingCyanide is emptied into the ocean, poured on top of a reef and the fish that die will float at the surface
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- Geography (Oceans) FlashCards sobre IB definitions: Oceans, criado por kirsten w em 11-01-2017.
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- kirsten w
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