Flashcards
Grammar 3
Flashcards do conjunto (13)
- 1Auxiliary verbs- a.k.a.: helping verbs
- can only help another v. to carry out its function
- can never stand alone
- 4 categories: be, have, do, modal auxiliaries (modals) - 2Be, have, do- have a dual role (can pose a problem in Eng.)
- aux.: when occur with another v.
- main verbs: when stand alone - 3Modals- can never stand alone (never main v.)
- 4BE (aux)- most frequently occurring auxiliary
-used as a function word
-used to construct both the "continuous tenses" and the "passive voice".
-possible to become a "main verb"
e.g. The cat 'is' sitting in the window (continuous tense)
e.g. This poem 'is' taken from Hamlet (passive voice) - 5BE (main v)- a.k.a. linking v.
- because it shows the elements on either side of it should be considered as 1
- can only occur in Type II verb phrase
e.g. Cairo 'is' the capital of Egypt
(NP be NP)
e.g. This problem 'is' impossible
(NP be AdjP) - 6(BE) Agreement- the subject must agree with the auxiliary
-if the subject is singular, then the aux must be singular.
e.g. The 'cat is' eating a mouse.
-If the subject is plural, then the auxiliary must be plural.
e.g. The 'cats are' eating mice.
-If the subject is "I", the auxiliary verb has its special form= 'am'
e.g. 'I am' eating a mouse. - 7(BE) Timepresent time = concerned with things that are happening or of interest now.
past time = concerned with things that happened or were of interest at some time in the past. - 8Have (AUX)- used as a function word to construct perfect tenses in Eng.
- 9Have (main V)- main v.: becomes a content word
- generally means 'to possess'
- other meanings: 'limit of duration'
- only occurs as a Type I verb phrase
- 10Do- occasionally used to show emphasis
- generally means the performance or carrying out of something
-possible to be the "main verb"
- (have, do) only occurs as a type 1 verb phrase
-has 2 basic functions
1. negation
e.g. Riding a bicycle 'does not' require a license
2. questions
e.g. 'Do' bats fly in the daytime?
- 11Modals (WILL & CAN)- have no singular / plural forms
- e.g. A plant will die if you don't water it
- e.g. He can run faster than you
- WILL: indicates 'high probability'
- CAN: indicates 'ability' - 12AUX w/o Main Verb- certain situations when 'the verb is understood'
- a verb can only be understood if it already appeared, either in the same sentence or the sentence before
- often occurs in making comparisons and contrasts
e.g. Mary cannot swim but John 'can'.
(contrast)
e.g. Mr. Ghoti has finished his dinner and Mr. Iram 'has' too. - 13Agreement (WILL & CAN)- problems with agreement that be, have, do have do not apply
- BUT some students may attempt to apply the rules of agreement for the other aux
- e.g. She CANS speak English
- so we are not concerned with the correct form, but the correct choice of modal
Informações
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- TESOL Ed. FlashCards sobre Grammar 3, criado por Chelsi Kanani Montemayor em 22-01-2017.
- Criado por
- Chelsi Kanani Montemayor
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