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Flashcards

Computing Glossary Flashcards

Jia CHEONG Computing GCSE Inglês 186 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (186)

  1. 1AccumulatorA register in the CPU that stores data currently being used by the CPU
  2. 2ACIDA set of rules that protects a database from errors during a transaction
  3. 3AcutuatorA device to produce physical movement based on output from a computer system
  4. 4AddressA location in main memory used to store data or instructions
  5. 5AlgorithmA series of steps designed to solve a mathematical or other problem
  6. 6ALUThe ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical operations within the CPU
  7. 7AnalogueRefers to continuously changing values
  8. 8AppletA small application that performs one specific task
  9. 9ApplicationSoftware designed to carry out a useful real-world task
  10. 10ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)7-bit system to code the character set of a computer
  11. 11AssemblerSoftware that translates assembly language code to machine code
  12. 12Assembly languageA low-level programming language that uses more memorable mnemonic codes and labels to represent machine-level code. Each instruction corresponds to just one machine operation
  13. 13AssignmentSetting the value of a variable
  14. 14AttributeA characteristic of an entity. It becomes a field in a data table
  15. 15Auto documentationSystem that tracks variables, modules and comments for maintenance purposes
  16. 16Bar codeA pattern of thin and thick lines representing a number that can be scanned by a reader for input into a computer system
  17. 17BinaryA system of numbers using only 2 digits, 0 and 1 (also called the base-2 system), unlike the decimal (or denary) system in everyday use that uses 10 digits (base-10)
  18. 18BitBinary digit 1 or 0
  19. 19Bit rateThe space available for each sample, measured in kilobits per second (kbits/s). (128 kbits/ is 128 kilobits per second of sampled sound)
  20. 20BooleanA value that can only be true or false
  21. 21Boolean algebraA method for expressing mathematically a logic circuit)
  22. 22BusA part of the computer architecture that transfers data and signals between the components of the computer
  23. 23Byte8 bits
  24. 24Cache memorySpecial high speed memory used by a computer
  25. 25CameraA device to capture still or moving images
  26. 26CDA type of optical device with a capacity of 700 MB
  27. 27CharacterA single alphabetic or numeric character
  28. 28Character setThe characters available to a computer associated with a particular number
  29. 29ClientSoftware or hardware that requests services from a server
  30. 30Clock chipThe electronic device in a computer that controls the timing of signals
  31. 31Code editorText area used to enter code in an IDE
  32. 32Colour depth (or bit depth)The number of bits used for each pixel or dot. The more bits the more colours that can be represented
  33. 33Command lineThe place where typed commands are given to the operating system
  34. 34ComparisonComparing the values of 2 items and returning TRUE or FALSE depending upon the result of that comparison
  35. 35ComplierA translator that converts all of the source code to machine code in one go to produce the object code
  36. 36CompressionReduction in file size to reduce download times and storage requirements
  37. 37Computer architectureThe internal, logical structure and organisation of the computer hardware
  38. 38ConcatenationCombining 2 strings into a single string
  39. 39ConstantA label referring to a location in memory containing a value that can be accessed but not changed by a program
  40. 40Control unitThe control unit works with the CPU to control the flow of data within the system
  41. 41CPUCentral processing unit of the computer containing the control unit, ALU and cache memory
  42. 42Custom writtenSoftware developed specially for one or a few customers
  43. 43Data dictionaryThe stored schema of a database
  44. 44Data integrityThe state of data being as it should be, reflecting reality
  45. 45Data redundancyThe unnecessary repetition of data
  46. 46DebuggerSoftware that helps a programmer track down faults in a program
  47. 47DecisionA flow diagram symbol used to show a decision stage, may be 'yes' or 'no' or multiple values
  48. 48DeclarationIdentifying a variable or constant or array to a program so that memory space can be allocated
  49. 49DecodeAn instruction is decoded by the CPU into 2 parts - the operator and the operand
  50. 50DedicatedSomething which is designed for one particular purpose
  51. 51DefragmenterA utility that brings together file fragments on a disk and collects all the free space in one area
  52. 52DenaryA system of numbers using 10 digits, 0 and 1 - 9 (also called the base-10 system)
  53. 53Device driverA program that enables communication etween a computer and a peripheral
  54. 54Disk organisationThe process of arranging files and data bytes on a secondary storage device
  55. 55Domain nameA human readable name for a resource on a network. It is changed to a numerical IP address by a DNS server
  56. 56Dual-core/quad-coreA CPU with multiple processors
  57. 57DVDA type of optical device with a capacity of 4.7 GB
  58. 58EditorSoftware used for entering source code when writing a program
  59. 59Embedded systemA computer system that forms part of an electronic device
  60. 60EntitySomething that we store data about in a database
  61. 61Entity relationship diagramA diagram that shows how different entities used in a database are connected
  62. 62ErroneousData that would not normally be expected such as the wrong data type
  63. 63Error diagnosticsSystem to warn of errors in the code and potential problems
  64. 64ExtremeData that is at the extreme limit of valid or invalid to check boundary conditions
  65. 65FailoverAutomatic switching to a backup computer in the event of system failure
  66. 66Fetch-execute cycleThe process of fetching the instructions from memory, decoding them and then executing them so that the CPU performs continuously
  67. 67FieldA characteristic of something stored in a database
  68. 68FileStored data on suitable media
  69. 69FirewallSoftware and/or hardware that limits access to and from a computer system
  70. 70FirmwareSoftware that is stored permanently in a device, such as control programs for devices
  71. 71Flash memorySolid-state memory used as low cost secondary storage in portable devices and as removable memory
  72. 72Flat file databaseDatabase consisting of only 1 table
  73. 73Flow chart (flow diagram)A diagrammatic method of showing the structure and data flow to define a problem and its solution
  74. 74Gigabyte1024 megabytes
  75. 75Graphical user interfaceA user interface that makes use of icons for interacting with the user
  76. 76HexadecimalThe base-16 system
  77. 77High-level languageA programming language that resembles a natural language. Each instruction translates to many machine instructions. It is problem based rather than machine based
  78. 78HTMLHypertext mark up language - a text based system for defining web pages
  79. 79HubA device for connecting multiple network devices in one segment
  80. 80HyperlinkAn item on a web page that directs the user to another location when clicked
  81. 81IconA picture on screen that represents a file, a program or an action
  82. 82Indexed sequential fileA sequential file that is accessed using an index, which is a separate file
  83. 83Input deviceA hardware device used to input data into a computer system for processing
  84. 84InstructionsA set of commands that a processor can recognise and act upon
  85. 85IntegerWhole number, positive or negative, with no decimal or fractional part
  86. 86Integrated development environment (IDE)Resources supplied with high-level languages to help the programmer
  87. 87InterfaceThe boundary between systems or between systems and humans
  88. 88InterpreterTranslation software that converts source code or user input into machine code which is immediately executed one instruction at a time
  89. 89InterruptA signal to the operating system to stop what it is doing and perform a different task instead
  90. 90IntranetA private data resource using the same technology as the internet, such as browsers and protocols
  91. 91InvalidData used to test a program that should be rejected because it is 'out of range'
  92. 92IP addressA number that identifies a device on a TCP/IP network
  93. 93Iteration or repetitionA group of instructions us executed repeatedly until a condition is met (a loop)
  94. 94KernelThe lowest level of an operating system that controls the hardware
  95. 95KeyboardA device that uses labelled keys to enable data input into a computer
  96. 96Kilobyte1024 bytes
  97. 97LANLocal area network - confined to one location
  98. 98LinkerSoftware that combines together a number of separate object code files
  99. 99Logic circuitA circuit made by combining a sequence of logic gates
  100. 100Logic errorThe logical structure of the program produces unexpected results
  101. 101Logic gatesA circuit that produces an output based on the inputs
  102. 102NOTA logic gate that outputs the opposite value to the input
  103. 103ANDA logic gate that outputs 1 if both inputs are 1
  104. 104ORA logic gate that outputs 1 if either, or both, of the 2 inputs are 1
  105. 105Low-level languageA programming language that is directed at controlling each machine operation
  106. 106Machine codeInstructions in binary used by the CPU
  107. 107Magnetic bard diskSecondary storage device using magnetised platters to store data and files
  108. 108Megabyte1024 kilobytes
  109. 109MetadataInformation about the image data that allows the computer to recreate the image from the binary data in the file. This mist contain the height and width in pixels and the colour depth in bpp (bits per pixel()
  110. 110MicrophoneA device for capturing sound
  111. 111MonitorA device that can display images and text
  112. 112MotherboardThe central printed circuit board (PCB) that holds the crucial components of the system
  113. 113MouseA device that controls the movement of a pointer on screen, based on its own movement, and allows the user to select an object by pressing a button
  114. 114NestingStructures inside other structure
  115. 115Nibble4 bits or half a byte
  116. 116Non-volatileData retained even when power is turned off
  117. 117Object codeThe machine code produced by a complier
  118. 118Off the shelfSoftware that is aimed at many users and sold 'as is'
  119. 119One to manyA relationship where one record in a table may have links to many records in another table
  120. 120OperandThis is the part of the instruction that tells the CPU what to apply the operation to
  121. 121Operating systemThe software that controls the hardware. It acts as an interface between the user and the hardware and also between applications and the hardware
  122. 122Operator (arithmetic and logic)A logical, arithmetic or comparison operator used by the program
  123. 123Operator (assembly language)This is the part of the instruction that tells the CPU what to do
  124. 124Optical diskSecondary storage device using lasers to read (and write) data to a reflective surface.. For storing files to be distributed or transferred or for back up of important files
  125. 125OverflowWhen a number becomes too large to fit into the number of bits allocated, it is said to 'overflow' and some bits are 'lost', leaving an incorrect value
  126. 126PDFPortable document format - a file standard that displays a document accurately on any computer platform
  127. 127Peer-to-peera network arrangement where all computers are equal
  128. 128PixelThe smallest element of an image. Pixels are the dots that make the image on the screen
  129. 129PlatformA combination of hardware and operating system that supports the running of particular applications
  130. 130Pretty printerAn editor that automatically sets out program code in an easy to read way
  131. 131PrinterA device to produce physical copies of output from a computer system
  132. 132Process (flow chart)A flow chart symbol that defines any processing to be completed at that stage
  133. 133Process (program)A program currently being executed
  134. 134ProgramA stored set of instructions for a computer to execute
  135. 135Program counterA register in the CPU that keeps the address of the next instruction
  136. 136Programming languageA way of writing instructions for a computer to execute
  137. 137ProtocolA set of rules or standards that controls communication between devices
  138. 138PseudocodeA method of describing an algorithm using structured English close to programming language
  139. 139Random access memory (RAM)Main memory of a computer that stores data, applications and the operating system whilst in use. When the power is turned off, RAM loses its data
  140. 140RasterGraphics format consisting of a matrix of dots
  141. 141Read only memory (ROM)A store for data in a computer that cannot be overwritten. Data in ROM is always available and is not lost when the computer is turned off
  142. 142RealA number that can have decimal or fractional parts
  143. 143RecordAll the data about one item in a database
  144. 144RegisterSpecial fast access part of the CPU that stores data in use by the CPU
  145. 145ResolutionThe number of pixels or dots per unit, for example ppi (pixels per inch), often referred to as dpi (dots per inch)
  146. 146RFIDRadio frequency identification uses radio frequencies to represent a number that can be scanned for input into a computer system
  147. 147Run time environmentSoftware to support the execution of programs
  148. 148Sample rateThe number of times the sound is sampled per second, measured in Hz (100 Hz is 100 samples per second)
  149. 149SchemaDefinition of a database
  150. 150Secondary storageNon-volatile storage used to store programs and files that need to be kept even when the power is not on
  151. 151SelectionThe pathway through a program is selected by using a condition to decide on what instructions to execute next
  152. 152Self-boostingThe ability of a program to load itself. Some small devices load their applications directly without the need for a conventional operating system
  153. 153SensorA device that can detect physical conditions such as temperature, weight, light, sound etc
  154. 154SequenceA list of instructions to be carried out in order, one after the other
  155. 155Sequential fileA serial file in order
  156. 156Serial fileA file of items one after another
  157. 157ServerSoftware that provides services to a client, or the hardware that is running
  158. 158ShellSoftware that provides a traditional text based interface to an operating system
  159. 159SoftwareThe programs that run on a computer
  160. 160Software engineeringFormal methods to guide the writing of software
  161. 161Sold stateTechnology based on electronics with no moving parts, for example transistors and capacitors as used in memory chips
  162. 162Source codeThe program written by the end user in a high-level language before it is converted to machine code
  163. 163SpeakerA device to output sound
  164. 164SpywareMalicious software that detects what a user is doing and sends the details back to the originator
  165. 165StringA string of alphabetic and/or numeric characters
  166. 166SwitchA device for connecting multiple network devices and multiple segments
  167. 167Syntax errorThe rules of a language are broken by the program
  168. 168TCP/IPTransmission control protocol/internet protocol - a set of standards that control how data is sent across networks including the internet
  169. 169Terabyte1024 gigabytes
  170. 170Touch screenA touch sensitive surface that allows the user to select, control or move objects by touching icons and symbols using fingers
  171. 171TraceA method of using data to check that a flow chart covers all possibilities correctly
  172. 172TranslatorA program to convert high-level or assembly-level commands into machine code
  173. 173TrojanHarmful software that is disguised as something useful
  174. 174Truth tableA method for recording all the possible input combinations and determining he output for each
  175. 175UnicodeUp to 32-bit system to code the character set of a computer (usually 16-bit or 32-bit versions)
  176. 176User interfaceThe boundary between the computer and the user
  177. 177UtilityA small program designed to carry out a limited maintenance task
  178. 178ValidData used in testing that represents normal data that could be expected
  179. 179ValidaionThe process of checking data as it is input to ensure that it is reasonable
  180. 180VariableA label referring to a location in memory containing a value that can be accessed or changed by a program
  181. 181VerificationThe process of checking that data is true and correct
  182. 182Virtual memoryA section of the hard disk used as if it were RAM to supplement the amount of main memory to run the programs required
  183. 183Virus detectionThe process of discovering possibly harmful viruses in a computer system
  184. 184VolatileData lost when there is no power
  185. 185WANWide area network - covers large geographical area
  186. 186Web serverA server that handles requests to a website

Informações

Descrição
Glossary containing all the words present in pages 246 to 248 (OCR Computing for GCSE)
Criado por
Jia CHEONG · fev 2017
Atualizado
24 fev 2017
Visualizações
17
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