Flashcards
Energy security
Flashcards do conjunto (98)
- 1define energy securityhave access to reliable and affordable energy sources
- 2what do you need to achieve energy securitycontrol over supplies, control over prices, variety of sources, political stability
- 3what is energy security threatened byprice increase, instability of supplies, terrorism, comp from expanding economies
- 4what can energy security be improved by?greater energy efficiency, de-centralization of control, short term stock piles (norm 90 days, uk 12 days)
- 5what fossil fuel is used in every sector of the USA's economyoil
- 6where does this oil come from and what does this meanoverseas, and price rises could make everything more expensive
- 7what is the usa oil reliance58%
- 8CALIFORNIA: What happened in 2001there were severe shortages in electricity and blackouts
- 9CALIFORNIA: why did this happenthe weather, Oregon and Washington supply HEP but due to drought water was low
- 10CALIFORNIA: why couldn't they import more energythere was limited capacity of the power lines
- 11CALIFORNIA: what did the do to conserve stocksswitch off two main power stations
- 12CALIFORNIA: how much oil reserves does cali have16% of usa's oil reserves
- 13CALIFORNIA: what is the us energy marketprivatised
- 14CALIFORNIA: what do these companies have to dothey have to pay to put up the infrastructure such as power lines, don't want to spend too much so they cant always cope with increasing demands
- 15CALIFORNIA: what did Schwarzenegger start to do in 2005find alternative energy sources
- 16CALIFORNIA: what did the state declare in 2010that 20% of electricity must come from renewables
- 17CALIFORNIA: how much energy came from renewables in 201321.9%
- 18name three renewable energy sourcessolar, wave, wind, geothermal
- 19name three non renewable sourcescoal, oil, natural gas
- 20name three recyclable sourcesnuclear, hydroelectric, biomass/bio fuels
- 21what are Europes main energy issueslack of supply, dependency
- 22what is russias main energy issuehuge surplus, inefficient use
- 23what is asias main energy issuerapidly growing demand, pollution
- 24middle east main energy issuessupply security, wars
- 25africas main energy issueenergy poverty, dependent of foreign TNC's for supply
- 26canadas energy issuesreserves, should they develop in sensitive areas
- 27causes of energy insecurityunpaid bills, conflict, overloaded power grids, strikes, maintenance problems, over reliance on one source
- 28economic impacts of energy insecuritybusinesses cannot work with no power, foreign investors stay away
- 29short term impacts of energy insecurityairports shut, no electricity, hospitals shut, blackouts,
- 30long term impacts of energy insecurityforeign investors stay away, need an alternate fuel source, state of emergency may be declared
- 31risks associated with energyexhaustion of resources, protests about env damage, sudden rise in costs, political instablity
- 32how to measure energy securityEnergy Security Index (ESI), based on availibilty, diversity of resources, dependency
- 33what countries are extreme, high and low risk on the ESI scaleextreme: africa
High: USA, japan
low: canada, russia - 34what is the level of risk in BRIC countriesthe same as that of an MEDC
- 35how many people rely on biomass for cooking and heating2.4 billion
- 36what % of Kenyans have no access to grid electricity96%
- 37in what village do they harness the power of falling waterMburiv village (micro hydro)
- 38how much electricity does this generateenough for 1000 people
- 39CHINA: what is the problem with the location of china's coal reservesthe are in the north while the main industries are further east and south
- 40CHINA: why do they need more energygrowing pop, more tech and large factories
- 41CHINA: what energy source is china most reliant oncoal, which is a dirty fuel
- 42CHINA: how long does it take for chinas economy to double in sizeit happens every 8 years
- 43CHINA: How much of their energy goes into industry71%, as many TNC's outsource there
- 44CHINA: what solutions are available?importing energy, HEP, nuclear.
- 45INDIA: why has the need for energy growneconomic growth
- 46INDIA: what % of houses don't have electricity50%
- 47INDIA: what wind farm powers more than 1 million homesmuppaandal wind farm
- 48INDIA: what new fuel do many poorer resident usebiogas
- 49INDIA: how do they meet their growing demandimports
- 50INDIA: what is wrong with their energy infrastructureit is bad
- 51INDIA: what is their most common power stationthermal, but they break down alot
- 52INDIA: which areas aren't even on the gridpeople in slums or rural areas
- 53INDIA: what do the gov plan to do which should triple capacitybuild more nuclear plants
- 54INDIA: what are foreign investors lining up to doinvest in indias renewable sector
- 55what are prices for natural gas expected to dorise steeply
- 56where does the trans Sahara pipeline goNigeria to Algeria
- 57what happened to gas supplied in Europe in 2009russia and ukraine had a dispute over unpaid bills, russia cut off gas supply to ukraine but 80% of europes gas comes through there so countries like bulgaria suffered with no gas.
- 58what pipeline should solve these problemsthe Nordstream pipeline will avoid all ex-soviet states and go through the baltic sea instead
- 59what is the NABUCCO pipelinegas supplied from iran, kazakhstan, egypt to the EU to reduce reliance on russia.
- 60Eat Siberian pacific ocean oil pipelineallows russia an energy pathway to asia and possibly north america
- 61why did the USA invade iraqthey wanted to reduce their dependency on saudi arabia for oil. before the invasion they turned off oil as saw fit and usa didn't like this
- 62name some oil playersTNC, OPEC, NIC, exxon mobil, politicians, private sector
- 63how much of the world gas reserves does gazprom control1/3
- 64does it still have links with the stateyes the russian gov still own 50% of the company
- 65how do they have control over europeif they raise their prices europe is forced to pay for it
- 66why do china and japan want access to russias oildon't want to rely to much on middle east and don't have much of their own supply.
- 67ARCTIC: how much of the worlds unexploited oil does it contain25%
- 68ARCTIC: what is the areas officially calledthe arctic national wildlife refuge (ANWR)
- 69ARCTIC: what risks does it poserisks to endangered animals, oil spills, env groups aren't on board, countries should be focusing on renewables.
- 70ARCTIC: why is this new oil accesiblethe shrinking of the polar ice caps
- 71ARCTIC: any benefits?will produce more energy and tide us over, money will come from selling the oil, less chance of conflict affecting supply in an area like this
- 72CANADA: how many barrels of oil does this area contain2.5 trillion barrels
- 73CANADA: problems?extracting it is hard and expansive, trees have to be cut down
- 74CANADA: how many barrels of water does it take to produce one barrel of oil2-5 barrels
- 75CANADA: benefits?is an additional source of energy while exploring renewable, oil is vital to the Canadian economy
- 76what are some benefits of using thorium?more of it than uranium, less nuclear waste, meltdown proof, mining is safer.
- 77name a country that is currently using thoriumindia, mumbai
- 78disadvantages of thoriumneeds more testing, v expensive, not as good as renewables
- 79what is frackingdrilling down into the earth and pumping water and chemicals into cracks to force gas out
- 80where is fracking commonin canada
- 81benefits of frackingcreates more jobs, buys time to develop renewable, gives more energy, reduces reliance on russia
- 82disadvantages of frackingrequires alot of water, may cause EQ, uses hazardous chemicals
- 83do exxon mobil want to explore ANWRyes
- 84do exxon acknowledge global warmingdeny its urgency
- 85why are their close links to american gov not goodthey can influence Americas opinion on things, they allegedly mad them pull out of Kyoto protocol
- 86when did the exxon valdez oil spill occurmarch 24th 1989
- 87how many sea otters seals and birds diedotter - 2000
seals - 302
birds - 250,000 - 88what happened to the fishing industryit came to a standstill, many fish died
- 89why is there uncertainty of energy futuresdon't know how much fossil fuels remain, how much pop growth, will we find new sources, is there going to be a conflict
- 90what are the 3 potential responses to rising demandsbusiness as usual, multi energy solution, energy conservation
- 91give an example of a place that has de centralized controlwoking, network that powers, heats and cools buildings
- 92benefits of combined heat and power stations95% more efficient, cuts emissions and reduces fuel dependency
- 93stick approach to energy futuresgreen taxes - make people with bigger vehicles pay more
- 94carrot approach to energy futuresemissions trading, countries who have made sig reductions in emissions can sell their surplus to others
- 95offshore wind turbineswinds speed doubled, more electricity, less visible and noisy. could interfere with radar
- 96carbon storagecapturing co2 and burying underground, not sure if will work though
- 97geothermal energyheat turns water to steam which turns turbine. extracting heat isnt easy
- 98bio fuelscrops, tress and algae. but competition for space between this and food, new crops need to be developed
Informações
- Descrição
- A level Geography FlashCards sobre Energy security, criado por Fern Aldridge em 04-06-2017.
- Criado por
- Fern Aldridge
- Visualizações
- 0
- Avaliação