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Flashcards

Structures and Forces

Amy Quan Science Grade 7 Inglês 50 flashcards

Centre of Gravity

Flashcards do conjunto (50)

  1. 1The Big Three1. Solid- eg) rock
    2. Frame- eg) Eiffel Tower
    3. Shell- eg) Bird's nest
  2. 2SolidFormed from a solid piece, is strong and has little or no space inside and relies on its own MASS to resist the forces that act on it. They are stronger than frame and shell and are more massive and harder to move. eg) brick wall
  3. 3FrameMade and different parts that are put together, the strength comes from where they are joined. By itself, it's not as strong as the components combined compared to solid structures, frame structures are lighter because they use fewer materials.
  4. 4ShellHas a solid outer surface and a hollow inner area. Shell structures with a rounded outer surface are usually stronger than ones with a flat surface.
    Having a solid- hollow inner means that they are lighter than solid structures. They are often stronger than frame structures and are commonly used to provide protection. eg) Helmet, Bird's nest
  5. 5DesignHow a structure is put together
  6. 6Function of a structureIs what its designed to do
    Common functions are: Containing. transporting, sheltering, supporting, and holding.
  7. 7AestheticsAre how pleasing appearance of the structure is.
  8. 8NewtonsThe standard unit for measuring force (N) 1 (N) is the amount of force needed to hold up a mass of 100g- similar to holding an apple.
  9. 9Magnitude, Direction and LocationThe actual effect of a force on a structure depends on:
    1. The magnitude/ size of the force
    2. The direction of the force
    3. The location, where the force is applied.
  10. 10Centre of GravityIs the point of the downward force of gravity, acting on a structure. When a structure is supported at its centre of gravity it will stay balanced. Therefore the location of the centre of gravity of a structure determines on the structure's stability.Centre of Gravity
  11. 11Internal ForceIs a force that one part of a structure exerts on other parts of the same structure.
    In other words- Internal forces are forces that act within a structure
    eg) Pressing the palms of your hands together firmly and the muscles push back- that would be an internal force.
  12. 12Dynamic LoadsExert varying amounts of force upon the structure that is upholding them.
    eg) Force of wind and weight of truck on bridge is dynamic.
  13. 133 Classifications of internal forces are:1. Compression
    2. Tension
    3. Shear    3 Classifications of internal forces are:
  14. 14Complementary ForcesWhen different kinds of internal forces act on a structure at the same time.
    Bending is and example of how complementary force at work.    Complementary Forces
  15. 15—
  16. 16ArchesAn arch is a common shape in structures such as bridges. It can support a large load, because the force of the load is carried down through the arch to the foundation. This spreads out the load.
  17. 17StructuresIs every object that provides support. It is something that is made up of 1 or more parts. It can be large or small and some you can see in a natural environment and some are built by people.
  18. 18Structural StrengthRefers to a structure's capacity or ability to hold itself up, as well as any weight added to it.
  19. 19Structural StabilityA structure's ability to maintain its position even when it's being acted on by force.
  20. 202 Dimensional FramesA door frame of a fence. Putting a 2 dimensional frame together, it's arranged as a 3D frame.
  21. 213D FramesMusic stand or a house
  22. 22CompositeSomething that is made of 2 or more components
    eg) Saddledome Calgary- Shell and Frame
  23. 23Static LoadsWhen the object is still or loads that exert a constant amount of force.
  24. 24ForceIs a push or pull that tends to cause an object to change its movement or shape
    eg) The force or a football player.
  25. 25MagnitudeThe bigger a force's magnitude, the stronger it is and the more effect it will have on a structure. However the effect of a strong force depends on how strong of massive a structure is.
  26. 26DirectionThe direction in which a force acts on a structure also determines what effect the force will have.
    eg) Fridge being pulled up onto a truck
    or
    Fridge being pulled out of the Truck ( This is easier)
  27. 27LocationOn a structure where a force is applied affects the outcome. Applying a force at a point up high up an object that you are trying to slide along the floor may cause it to topple over- vs in the middle where you can move.
  28. 28Forces Acting Against an object.Gravity and Friction
  29. 29FrictionIs the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.
  30. 30External ForceIs a force that is applied on a structure by something else. When you walk into a wind or stand in waves, the force you feel acting on your body is an external force.
  31. 31GravityIs the pull of Earth, and is also an external force. To remain standing all structures on Earth must be able to resist the force of Gravity pulling on them.
  32. 32MassIs the amount of matter in an object. The more mass an object has, the greater the gravitational force. This is not counting gravity, JUST MASS.
  33. 33Stabillity of structuresThe main method of increasing a structure's stability is to increase the width of its base relative to its height. One way to do this is to place most of the mass of the structure close to the ground- this lowers the centre of gravity.
  34. 34SymmetryIs a balanced arrangement of MASS that occurs on opposite sides of a line or plane or around a centre or axis. For a symmetrical structure to be stable, its mass must be distributed equally around the centre of the base. This means that the centre of gravity is equal, making the structure stable.
  35. 35WeightGravity and Mass
  36. 36LoadIs and external force on a structure. A load can be weight ( car crossing a bridge) or the push of a force ( wind blowing on tower)
  37. 372 types of loads that can affect structures1. Static (Dead)
    2. Dynamic ( Alive)
  38. 38Engineering BridgesDifferent structures are designed to withstand different loads and forces.
  39. 392 conditions engineers use to decide which type of bridge will best suit a situation.1 . What bridge is crossing- eg) water or land
    2. What kinds of loads the bridge will be supporting.
  40. 40Beam BridgeIs the most COMMON and is VERY SIMPLE. It's Flat and supported at its 2 ends.Beam Bridge
  41. 41Truss BridgeIs a lightweight, but strong bridge, made of trusses ( triangle shaped frames) along its side.
    This is the STRONGEST BRIDGE OUT ALL ALL 4.    Truss Bridge
  42. 42Suspension BridgeA simple suspension bridge hangs between 2 ends that hold it up. A modern one has tall towers on either end that support the main cables holding up the bridge.Suspension Bridge
  43. 43Arch BridgeDesigned to withstand HEAVY LOADS. The dynamic load of people and other traffic causes, each piece of wood or stone in the arch to push against the piece next to it.Arch Bridge
  44. 44CompressionIs a force that acts to squeeze an object or push parts within an object together.
    Structures with parts that must resist compression- human body, chairs, shelves and architectural columns
    Solid structure can usually resist the force, because of the strong materials they are made of.    Compression
  45. 45TensionIs the force that acts to stretch and pull apart.
    It can cause lengthening and possibly snapping of a component.
    Structures with parts that must resist tension include: Ski lifts, hydro towers and running shoes.
    Tension can also be used to advantage as in case of the cables used to hold up suspension bridges.
    Tensions includes internal force.    Tension
  46. 46ShearIs a force that acts to push parts that are in contact with each other in opposite direction.
    Structures with parts that must resist shear include- doors, airplane, and scissors    Shear
  47. 47What is the strongest 2D AND 3d shape?The triangle and the triangluar prisim
  48. 48ColumnsAre a solid structure that can stand by itself. They can be used to support beams.
  49. 49BeamsAre common components in a wide range of structures
  50. 50Types of beamsSimple Beam- a flat beam supported at both ends.
    I-Beam- I shape makes it strong
    Girder- Long beams in the shape of a hollow rectangular prism
    Truss- Framework of beams joined together to form triangles
    Cantilever- a beam that's supported at 1 end

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Grade 7 Science FlashCards sobre Structures and Forces, criado por Amy Quan em 17-06-2017.
Criado por
Amy Quan
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  • Criado por Amy Quan · 28 mar 2017
  • Copiado por Amy Quan · 17 jun 2017
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