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CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN RELIGION, DOCTRINE AND BELIEFS

1534-38

TO PROTESTANTISM

ACT OF SUPREMACY 1534

CRANMER'S 10 ARTICLES 1536

Neither accepted or rejected by Henry or Parliament, these articles set out new religious beliefs. They became the basis for the COE, but not law

1. Transubstantiation

2. Faith AND good works

3. The three sacraments are baptism, the eucharist and penance

BISHOPS BOOK 1537 -

'The Institution of Christian Man'. Written by Cranmer, Cromwell clashed with Conservative bishops over this. Henry later reviewed this and said that good works are essential.

1. The 4 lost sacraments are restored but are less important.

2. Faith is more important than good works.

3. There was no mention of transubstantiation, mass, purgatory or the status of priests.

CROMWELL'S INJUNCTIONS OF 1536 AND 1538

Cromwell, as Vicegerent in Spirituals, is the king's deputy in church matters. They are seen as attacks on Catholicism and are a factor in Cromwell's downfall because he alienates the Catholic factions.

1536 - All clergy are to educate children on basic Christianity. All clergy preach that Henry is head of the church of England. Reduction in number of Holy Days.

1538 - Pilgrimage images to be removed from churches. No candles in front of images. All clergy preach against the veneration of images and relics.

ENGLISH BIBLE 1539

Lutherans' and English Protestants' vernacular bible. Under the Injunctions all churches must have a copy. Catholic's feared the laity reading in case they falsely interpreted it or used it to attack the church.

TO CATHOLICISM

ACT OF SIX ARTICLES 1536 -

Pacified those fearing Protestantism. Bishops Latimer and Shaxton resign in protest.

1. Transubstantiation

2. Clerical celibacy

3. Chastity

4. Communion - no wine

5. Masses for dead

6. Confession to priest

FALL OF CROMWELL 1540 -

Henry wants supremacy and no foreign control. He refused to accept the Confession of Augsburg, and so a convinced Cromwell put the reformation above the king. The arrangement of the marriage to Anne of Cleves and his many Catholic enemies signalled the end.

The Confession of Augsburg was the agreement between European countries about Lutheranism. The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V had called on the Princes and Free Territories in Germany to explain their religious convictions in an attempt to restore religious and political unity in the Holy Roman Empire. The Confession was presented by a number of German rulers and free-cities at the Diet of Augsburg on 25 June 1530.

KINGS BOOK 1543 -

"Necessary Doctrine and Erudition of a Christian Man". A fully approved revision of the Bishops Book.

1. Mass

2. Transubstantiation

3. Confession

4. Non superstitious use of images

5. Relics

6. Bible of little importance

CONCLUSION

Henrician England was Catholic, but not Roman Catholic. Without the influence of Cromwell, England moved no further towards Protestantism.

THE KINGS BELIEFS:

1. Theologian - he had originally intended to become a churchman eg DotF

2. Conservative - chastity, good works and faith are necessary, purgatory, transubstantiation. eg. Lambert burned for not believing in transubstantiation

3. Leaves a Protestant council for his heir.

4. Uses Church to gain/maintain power at home and abroad

5. Necessity and usefulness are more important to him than personal principles. E.g. 1540 Catholics and Protestants were executed showing both were seen as a threat to him.