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The process of framing research in organizayions

"a situation, matter, or person that presents perplexity or difficulty" (American Heritage Dictionary, 2002, p. 1110)

Identifying important problems

Problem area decision

Initial Problem Area

Content considerations

Literature and Experience

Mental Models

Process and Outcomes

Problem decision

Research Problem Statement

Methodological considerations

Research Question

Research Paradigm

Research Method

Research Context

Planning decisions

Research Plan

- Problem

- Question

- Paradigm

- Method

Mental Models

Along the consciousness continuum, the mental models can be either simple or complex.

Rummler and Brache (1998)

Morgan (1996)

Present a complex and well defined model of organizations as a system.

Present a simple and well defined model of organizations

- as machines

- as organisms

- as brains

- as cultures

- as political systems

- as psychic systems

- as instruments of domination

Philosophy of research

Alternative Paradigms and Research Methods

Positivism

Interpretivism

Critical science

They focus on quantitative methods used to test and verify hypotheses

They all are focused on subjective meanings as to how individuals or members apprehend, understand, and make sense of events and settings and how this sense making produces features of the very settings to which sense making is responsive.

Is a combination of critical theory and postmodernism