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molecule

minimum size functional unit of a chemical compound that consists on the union of two or more atoms by chemical bonds

atom

minimum size particle that has all the qualities and properties that identify a chemical element by nature

proton

Is another subatomic particle, also stable, however this one carries positive electrical charge and is found in the atom’s nucleus

electron

Is a particle smaller than the atom that carries negative electrical charge; is found in the nucleus periphery and is stable

link or bond

Is the way atoms combine/ associate/ interact to form molecules by attraction because each atom is trying to reach a state that has the least amount of energy possible and is stable.

orbital

nside the atom, electrons are in constant movement so it’s hard to determine where they are with exactitude. However they can only exist in determinate radius and atomic energies because energy can only be in a determinate range of values. Those areas are called energy levels (orbitals) they describe a circular orbit according to Bohr (now we know they can be with different shapes) and they must be at determinate distance from the nucleus. To sum up an orbital describes the position and wave nature of an electron within the atom in quantum mechanics as a mathematical function.

lewis

Gilbert Newton Lewis was a British chemist that contribute with important subjects and impulse the developing of the science. Its most important addition was discovering the covalent bond and that is a type of very strong bond in which to atoms attract each other by sharing a pair of electrons, becoming these shared electrons, part of each atom’s electron configuration. He also purpose a way to represent elements and their configuration on paper with dots and letters, and define acid as an atom or molecule that doesn’t have 8 electrons in its valence so it can accept electrons from other atoms.

photon

Is a very stable bundle of electromagnetic radiation (also called a light quantum). Is a very light (zero rest mass) particle that compresses and carries energy with no electric charge. They have a wave duality with two polarization states and travel at a constant speed. It transmits energy and can be absorbed

wavelength

Represents de distance between two sequential waves. Its measured from one crest to the other one or any identical points of the wave form. According to Broglie in chemistry it determines the chance of finding an object at a given point of the configuration space. is represented with the Greek letter lambda λ.

radiation

Is the release and flow of atomic and/or subatomic particles and/or waves from a source at a very high speed. Radiation happens when an atom is getting rid of excess of energy due to the work the atom is doing to keep a stable balance between the positive and negative electrical charges that has in it.

work function

Is the minimum quantity of energy (thermodynamic work) needed for a photoemission of an electron from the surface of a solid to take place. It happens in metals and by the absorption of a photon. The limit recurrence of occurrence light is the most reduced recurrence at which electrons can be launched out without picking up extra energy

Compton shift

Its an effect meaning an elastic clash between an electron (more mass) and a photon and can be calculated relating both energies. Beneath certain circumstances, scattered radiation happens with a wavelength more noteworthy than the occurrence one; Beneath certain conditions, scattered radiation happens with a wavelength more noteworthy than the occurrence one. The Compton impact comprises of the increment within the wavelength of an X-ray photon when it collides with a free electron and loses portion of its energy. The recurrence or wavelength of the scattered radiation depends exclusively on the course of diffusing

quantic number

The Bohr model expressed that was a one-dimensional area where an electron could be found, and utilized one quantum number to portray the conveyance of electrons within the atom. The data that was vital was the measure of the circle, which was portrayed by the n quantum number. Schrodinger's model permitted the electron to involve three-dimensional space. It in this manner required three arranges, or three quantum numbers, to portray the orbitals in which electrons can be found. The three coordinates that come from Schrodinger's wave equations are the principal (n), angular (l), and magnetic (m) quantum numbers. These quantum numbers portray the estimate, size, shape, and positioning in space of the orbitals on an atom

valence

It is the number of electrons in the last energy level so it determines the number of electrons that an atom must give up, share or gain in order to have the last energy level complete. So it establishes de number of bond that an atom of the element can have (the element bonding power)

energy level

Is the energy of an orbit around the nucleus of an atom, the higher the distance the higher the level.

the energy levels are located at a fixed distance from the nucleus and is where the electrons can be found (as they can only have specific energy values because they are confined in a limited space). It is also important to understand that one level of energy can only host/have a determinate number of electrons. Electrons can gain energy (absorb from a photon when the atom is radiated) or release energy moving to a different energy level but it will balance at some point and return to the least energy level it can be