Internet

Internet

1. Network

   • Computers connected together. For communication and sharing resources.
   • LAN
     • Local Area Network is usually is a single place like a business or school
   • WAN
     • Wide Area Network.Is a network like the internet. WAN is a large area
   • Client-Server
     • Every computer is connected to the server
   • Perr to peer
     • Allows certain files to be shared around. Network is created when two or more PCs are connected and share resources without going through a separate server computer.

2. Connections media types

   • NIC(Network Interface Card)
     • The NIC contains the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet) or a wireless connection (e.g., WiFi). A network interface card is also known as a network interface controller, network adapter, or Local Area Network (LAN)
   • Wired
     • Ethernet
       • An Ethernet cable is one of the most popular forms of network cable used on wired networks. Ethernet cables connect devices together within a local area network, like PCs, routers, and switches.
     • copper cable
       • Networking cables are networking hardware used to connect one network device to other network devices or to connect two or more computers to share printers, scanners etc. ... Electrical connections using twisted pair or coaxial cable are used within a building. It uses shocks of electricity for it.
     • Fiber optic
       • A technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. ... Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables. This means that they can carry more data. Fiber optic cables are less susceptible than metal cables to interference. It uses light to carry infomation
   • Wireless
     • WI FI
       • Wi-Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connections.
     • 4G
       • 4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G. A 4G system must provide capabilities defined by ITU in IMT Advanced.

3. Network devices

   • Device
   • Switch
     • A network switch (also called switching hub, bridging hub, officially MAC bridge) is a computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer network by using packet switching to receive, process, and forward data to the destination device.
   • Router
     • A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. A data packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork until it reaches its destination node.
   • Ethernet cabel
     • An Ethernet cable is one of the most popular forms of network cable used on wired networks. Ethernet cables connect devices together within a local area network, like PCs, routers, and switches.
   • NIC
     • The NIC contains the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet) or a wireless connection (e.g., WiFi).
   • WAP
     • WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) is a specification for a set of communication protocols to standardize the way that wireless devices, such as cellular telephones and radio transceivers, can be used for Internet access, including e-mail, the World Wide Web, newsgroups, and instant messaging.
   • Cellular device
     • A wireless telephone using a system of low-powered radio transmitters, with each transmitter covering a distinct geographical area (cell) and computer equipment to switch a call from one area to another, thus enabling broad-scale portable phone service.
   • 4G 3G tower

4. Protocols

   • HTTP
     • The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.
   • HTTPS
     • The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Hypertext is structured text that uses logical links (hyperlinks) between nodes containing text.
   • POP3
     • Post office protocol version 3. Protocol for accessing your emails and commonly used in Microsoft outlook.
   • SMTP
     • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for electronic mail (email) transmission.
   • IMAP
     • Internet message Access protocol. This email protocol is used to allow multiple devices to connect.
   • FTP
     • The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network. FTP is built on a client-server model architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server.
   • TCP/IP
     • TCP/IP, or the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (an intranet or an extranet).
   • Ethernet
     • This is a set of rules that governs how data is formatted for transmission across a local area network
   • Wi-Fi
     • These rules control how data is transmitted wirelessly an a local area network.

5. Topologies

   • Star
   • Ring
   • Bus
   • Mesh

6. Network security

   • Cyberattacks
     • A cyberattack is any type of offensive manoeuvre employed by nation-states, individuals, groups, or organizations that targets computer information systems, infrastructures, computer networks, and/or personal computer devices by various means of malicious acts usually originating from an anonymous source that either
   • Social engineering
     • Phishing
       • the fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers.
     • Shoulder surfing
       • the practice of spying on the user of a cash-dispensing machine or other electronic device in order to obtain their personal identification number, password, etc
   • USB device
     • A USB device with some type of software that can cause some harm.Some of them are sold on the internet.
   • Eavesdropping
     • Intercepting information as it is sent along the internet.
   • The cloud
     • Cloud computing security or, more simply, cloud security refers to a broad set of policies, technologies, and controls deployed to protect data, applications, and the associated infrastructure of cloud computing. It is a sub-domain of computer security, network security, and, more broadly, information security.

7. Ethical hacking

   • Hacking something and telling the owner what's wrong

8. The internet and the world wide web

   • The internet
     • A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
   • world wide web
     • An information system on the Internet which allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another.

9. cookies

   • A cookie is a mechanism that allows the server to store its own information about a user on the user's own computer. You can view the cookies that have been stored on your hard disk (although the content stored in each cookie may not make much sense to you). The location of the cookies depends on the browser.

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