1. Atomic Structure

1. Atomic Structure

1. Deduce the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons present in both atoms and ions given proton and nucleon numbers and charge

2. Quantum Numbers

   • Describe the number and relative energies of the s,p and d orbital's for the principal quantum numbers 1,2 and 3 and also the 4s and 4p orbitals
     • Principal Quantum Number (n) - describes the SIZE of the orbital or ENERGY LEVEL of the atom
     • Angular Quantum Number (l) or sublevels - describes the SHAPE of the orbital
     • Magnetic Quantum Number (m) - describes an orbital's ORIENTATION in space
     • Spin Quantum Number (s) - describes the SPIN or direction in which an electron spins
   • Describe and sketch the shapes of s and p orbitals
     • S orbitals
       • Spherically symmetric around the nucleus of the atom, like a hollow ball made of rather fluffy material with the nucleus at its centre.
       • As the energy levels increase, the electrons are located further from the nucleus, so the orbitals get bigger. The order of size is 1s < 2s < 3s < …
       • Only holds 2 electrons
     • P Orbitals
       • At the second level, there are also orbitals called 2p orbitals in addition to the 2s orbital.
       • At any one energy level, we have three absolutely equivalent p orbitals pointing mutually at right angles to each other. These are arbitrarily given the symbols px, py and pz.
       • Holds up to 6 electrons
   • Electron Configuration
   • Identify quantum number of certain element based on their atomic number
     • When we are given the atomic number, we just need to write the electron configuration and count the total of the exponent until it results to the atomic number
     • From the last electron configuration of the element, we could know the 4 quantum numbers

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