Cognitive Development

invariant and universal stages
Piaget
1. Sensori Motor 0-2
  1. Object Permanence
  2. exploring the world through senses
2. Pre-Operational 2-7
  1. Animism
  2. understand the world through symbols and signs
  3. reversibility / egocentrism
3. Concrete Operational 7-11
  1. Conservation
  2. children think in abstract terms
  3. Linguistic Humour / Seriation
4. Formal Operational 11+
  1. Hypothetical Questioning / Abstract Problems
5. Stages are Not Fixed
6. Not Everyone Passes through All Stages
7. Cultural Differences - Aboriginal Children develop concrete operational thinking earlier than Western Children for survival
8. Theory Does Not Explain How transition occurs
9. biological theory
Vygotsky
1. Zone of Proximal Development
2. development within culture
3. child as the apprentice
4. individual pace / influenced by those around the child
5. cultural tools
6. scaffolding
Piaget and Conservation of Number
1. To check the ability of pre operational children to conserve
  1. Cross sectional study / children of different ages / shown identical parallel rows of counters / questioned / row1 extended / question repeated
    1. Pre operational children = stretched row contained more counters
    2. Concrete Operational children = mainly answered correctly
    3. Concrete Operational children have the ability to reverse the situation and can conserve
      1. sample size
      2. contrived nature of test
      3. questioning of children only normally occurs twice if first answer is incorrect
Applications - education learning at appropriate ages / concept of readiness (Piaget)
Applications - spiral curriculum / role of teacher / scaffolding (Vgotsky)

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	Criado por Jennifer Farley mais de 12 anos atrás