Protocols

Protocols

1. Ethernet Protocol

   • Ethernet stations communicate by sending each other individual data frames
   • Has a 48-bit MAC address which specify the source and destination of each frame
   • Mostly built directly into PC motherboards
     • Eliminates need for a Network Interface Card (NIC)

2. Wi-Fi

   • Allows devices to connect to a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
   • Devices can connect to the internet via a WLAN and a Wireless Access Point (WAP)
     • The WAP receives data from a network via a physical connection
       • Then the transmitter converts the data into radio waves
         • Any devices can receive or send the radio waves via a Wi-Fi adapter

3. TCP or IP

   • Transmission Control Protocol or Internet Protocol
     • TCP is a standard (rule ) of how messages are broken up into packages and reassembled
     • IP identifies the location of a device or the internet
       • Routes individual packages from the source to the destination via routers

4. UDP

   • User Datagram Protocol
   • Computer applications can send messages referred to as datagrams to other hosts on an IP network
   • Is an alternative to TCP but has no error checking
   • Maintains an open communication between sender and recipient during communition
     • Two way communication is faster

5. HTTP and HTTPS

   • Used for accessing and receiving webpages in the form of HTML files on the internet
   • The protocol requests the webserver to transmit the webpage to the user's browser
   • HTTPS is the same as HTTP but all the information is encrypted and cannot be understood if hacked

6. FTP

   • File Transfer Protocol
     • Used to transfer computer files from one host to another

7. Email Protocols

   • IMAP
     • Internet Messaging Access Protocol
     • Used by email clients to retrieve email massages from a mail server
   • SMTP
     • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
     • Sends emails
       • Used with IMAP and POP to receive the email