1.5 Network Toplogies and Protocols

1.5 Network Toplogies and Protocols

1. Wireless frequency

   • radio waves are used to transmit data packets without the need for wires.
   • This is more vulnerable to attacks but is the use wihout wires
   • This also means that it is mobile and can be set up in areas like: Parks,Planes or even cars

2. Encryption

   • Encryption is a method of scrambling data with a key code which makes no sense.
   • On an open or public WiFi network anyone can join and sniff out packets of data from other users. Therefore encryption is used. If intercepted the data will have no meaning In order to read the data the user is required to decrypt the data using the key.

3. IP Adresses

   • This is an IP Adress:192.168.1.23
     • An IP Adress keeps your location and files safe
     • An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing.

4. A Mesh Network is

   • Where some or all of the workstations or other devices are connected directly to each of other. Most are usually connected to the node that they exchange the most data with.
   • A Star Network
     • In a star network, each device is connected by an individual cable directly to the server. Star networks are usually the layout of choice in schools and offices because they tend to be the most reliable of the topologies.

5. Hypertext

   • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) FTP (File Transfer Protocol) POP (Post Office Protocol) IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

6. Post Office Protocol

   • POP supports download-and-delete requirements for access to remote mailboxes (termed maildrop in the POP RFC's).[2] Although most POP clients have an option to leave mail on server after download, e-mail clients using POP generally connect, retrieve all messages, store them on the user's PC as new messages, delete them from the server, and then disconnect. Other protocols, notably IMAP, (Internet Message Access Protocol) provide more complete and complex remote access to typical mailbox operations. POP3 server listens on well-known port 110. Encrypted communication for POP3 is either requested after protocol initiation, using the STLS command, if supported, or by POP3S, which connects to the server using Transport Layer Security (TLS) or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) on well-known TCP port 995.

7. Protocols and layers

   • protocols involved in network communications in another section. Click here to read more about them.

8. Packet Switching

   • a mode of data transmission in which a message is broken into a number of parts which are sent independently, over whatever route is optimum for each packet, and reassembled at the destination.

9. Layers

   • Link - Device driver and interface card which maps to the data link and physical layer of the OSI model. Network - Corresponds to the network layer of the OSI model and includes the IP, ICMP, and IGMP protocols. Transport - Corresponds to the transport layer and includes the TCP and UDP protocols.