UNIT 4

UNIT 4

1. AS LONG AS, EVEN IF, PROVIGING THAT, UNLESS

   • UNLESS
     • We can use unless to mean if.. not in negative conditional sentences
     • We will be late unless we leave now
   • EVEN IF
     • We can use even if instead of if to show that the result will not be affected by the condiction
     • The workers will strike even if their wages are increased
   • PROVIGING THAT OR AS LONG AS
     • We can use providing that or as long as (in first conditional sentences) to mean but only if
     • Crime levels will continue to fall as long as/providing that we keep the same number of police officers

2. CONDITIONALS

   • FIRST CONDITIONAL
     • To discuss possible or probable future events
       • If we all take part in the protest, we will make a difference
     • IF+PRESENT SIMPLE, WILL+INFINITIVE
     • To make promises and give warnings
       • You won´t make a difference if you don´t take part in the protest
   • SECOND CONDITIONAL
     • IF+PAST SIMPLE, WOULD+ INFINITIVE
     • To discuss imaginary situations in the present
       • If Iwas the president, I would change all the goverment policies
     • To discuss imaginary or improbable events in the future
       • I´d study economics if I went to Harvard University
   • THIRD CONDITIONAL
     • IF+PAST PERFECT, WOULD HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE
     • To discuss hypothetical past events (which didn´t happen)
       • We wouldn´t have missed the bus if we´d got up early

3. CONDICTIONALS WITH MODALS

   • IN THE FIRST CONDITIONAL
     • To show possibility (MAY/MIGHT)
       • If you vote for him, he may/might win the election
     • To show permission (CAN)
       • If you´ve filled out the form, you can vote immediately
     • To show obligation (MUST)
       • If you agree with his policies, you must vote for him
     • To make a suggestion
       • If you are interested in politics, you should vote
   • IN THE SECOND CONDITIONAL
     • To show ability (COULD)
       • If he had time, he could help in the community
     • To show possibility (MIGHT)
       • If he won 1 million, he might give it all to charity
     • COULD
       • To show ability
         • If I could speak Mandarin, I would help at the community centre
       • To show possibility
         • If you could have any job, what you do?
       • To give permission
         • If we could wear our own clothes, then we would be happy to come to school
   • IN THE THIRD CONDITIONAL
     • To show ability
       • If I had posted my form in time, I could have voted in the election
     • To show possibility
       • If they had known about the election, they might have voted

4. WHISES AND REGRETS

   • WISH+PAST PERFECT
     • To express regrets about the past
       • I wish I hadn´t voted for him
   • WISH+ COULD
     • To express a dissatisfaction with what somebody is doing in the present
       • I wish I could stand for election
   • WISH+WOULD
     • to talk about something in the present that we would like to change – usually something that we find annoying.
       • I wish he would stop making that noise