Learning-Chapter 5

Learning-Chapter 5

1. Important people

   • Edward Thorndike
     • Law of effect
     • Puzzle boxes
       • Discrete-trial procedure
       • Maze learning
     • Stimulus response associations
       • habits
   • Skinner
     • Operant boxes
       • Free-operant procedure
         • Response rate
           • Number of responses
         • Latency to respond

2. Shaping

   • Conditioning procedure
     • Define final stage+ reward successful approximations

3. Factors of instrumental conditioning

   • Quantity
   • Quality
     • Appetitive
     • Aversive
   • Latency
   • Relationship between behaviour and outcome
     • Positive contingency
     • Negative contingency
   • Level of motivation

4. Consequences

   • Reinforcement
     • Increases the probability of the response occurring
       • Positive reinforcement
         • Stimulus is presented
       • Negative reinforcement
         • Stimulus is removed
   • Punishment
     • Decreases the probability of the response occuring
       • Positive punishment
         • Stimulus is presented
       • Negative punishment
         • Stimulus is removed
           • Also called omission training or differential reinforcement of other behaviour
     • must be consistent, immediate and appropriate intensity
   • Strengthens a response by adding or taking away something

5. Terms

   • Reinforcers
     • Primary
       • Basic needs, no learning required
     • Secondary
       • Learned by association
   • Stereotypy vs response variabilty
   • Belongingness
   • Instinctive drift
   • Behavioural contrast

6. Response-reinforcer relation

   • Temporal relationship
     • Temporal continguity
     • Marking
   • Causal relationship
     • Contingency
     • Superstitious behaviour
   • Learned helplesness
     • Activity deficit
     • Attention deficit