Acid Base Balance

Acid Base Balance

1. Alkalosis

   • Solution basic/alkaline, pH greater than 7.45, Respiratory Alkalosis, Metabolic Alkalosis

2. Acidosis

   • Acidic solution, pH less than 7.35, Respiratory Acidosis, Metabolic Acidosis

3. pH

   • Scale 1-14, 7 is neutral, Normal pH 7.35-7.45, higher pH, less acid, lower pH, more acid, less than 6.8 or greater than 8.0 death

4. Compensation Mechanisms

   • Buffer System-Immediate response
   • Respiratory System-responds in a few hours
   • Renal System-Responds in days

5. C02

   • Becomes carbonic acid in water, Increases acidity

6. Buffers

   • Bicarbonate-major extracellular buffer
   • Phosphate buffer-major intracellular buffer
   • Protein buffer-works in blood

7. Blood Gas Analysis

   • Analyze pH, PaC02, HC03

8. Normal Values

   • pH 7.35-7.45, PaC03 35*45 mmHg, HC03 22-26 MEq/L, Pa02 80-100 mmHg, 02 96-100%

9. Alterations

   • Carbonic acid-thin respiratory system
   • Base bicarbonate-think renal (metabolic system

10. Renal (Metabolic) System

    • Takes hours to days to respond, reabsorbs or eliminates bicarb, acidic urine, kidneys excrete H* and conserve bicarb in Respiratory/Metabolic Acidosis

11. Respiratory System

    • Responds in minutes, not as strong as renal system, respiratory rate increases metabolic acidosis, and decreases metabolic alkalosis