Evolution of a Population

Evolution of a Population

1. Microevolution

2. Genetics

   • Genes
     • Allele
       • Gene Pool
         • Fixed Loci
         • Unfixed Loci
     • Genotype
       • DD, Dd, dd
     • Phenotype
       • Dominant, Recessive
   • Genetic Variation
     • Nucleotide Variability
     • Gene Variability
       • Heterozygosity
     • Sources:
       • Mutation
       • Chromosomal Changes
       • Rapid Reproduction
         • High mutation freq.
       • Sexual Reproduction
         • Crossing Over (PI)
         • Independent Assortment
         • Random Fertilization

3. Variation

   • Genetic
   • Phenotypic Plasticity
   • Geographic Variation
     • Cline

4. Hardy-Weinberg Principle

   • Equilibrium
     • No mutations
     • No gene flow
     • Random mating
     • Large population
     • No natural selection
   • Allele Freq.
     • p+q=1
   • Genotype Freq.
     • p^2+2pq+q^2=1

5. Allele Frequency Variation

   • Genetic Drift
     • Founder Effect
     • Bottleneck Effect
   • Gene Flow
     • Immigration
     • Emigration
   • Natural Selection
     • Relative Fitness
     • Directional
     • Disruptive
     • Stabilizing
   • Sexual Selection
     • Intrasexual
     • Intersexual
   • Balancing Selection
     • Heterozygote Advantage
     • Freq-Dependent Selection

6. The "Perfect Organism"

   • Unsuitable variation
   • Unsuitable population
   • New situations