Slippery Path (Abused drugs)

classified into
1. legal
  1. alcohol
  2. cigarettes
  3. caffeine
  4. inhalants
2. over the counter
  1. codeine
  2. vitamins
3. illegal
  1. prohibited by UAE rules & laws
    1. in 1995
      1. death penalty for drug abusers
    2. in 2016
      1. rehabilitation rather than penalties
        in centers
        Ownak social
        Erada
        NRC
        sections
        psychiatric
        medical
        social work
        psychology
        provide services
        treatment
        education
  2. examples
    1. magic mushroom
    2. heroin
    3. cocaine and crack
    4. marijuana
4. prescribed
  1. barbiturates
  2. stimulants
  3. pain killers
  4. anabolic steroids
mechanism of action
1. binding of the drug to the receptor
  1. forming DR complex
    1. produces effect
  2. receptors can respond to
    1. agonists
      1. give the same effect of the natural drug
      2. types
        partial
        inverse
    2. antagonists
      1. inhibits the binding of
demography
1. name: Ali
2. age: 26
3. reason of death
  1. drug overdose
    1. accidentally
    2. intentionally
    3. intolerable dose of
4. addiction type
  1. poly-drug use
    1. 2 or more drugs used at the same time or over a short period of time
    2. effects
      1. depend on
        types of drugs combined
        more dangerous if 2 or more drugs with the same physical effects are taken together
        ex: 2 stimulants: cocaine & ecstasy
        toxicity
        setting
        time
        place
        person
        ex: mood
leads to
1. addiction
  1. dependency
  2. risk factors
    1. addicted parents
    2. peer pressure
    3. easy access to drugs in the community
    4. involving at young age
      1. puberty
        activation of hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis
        pulsatile GnRh
        age
        boys: 9-18
        secondary characteristics
        facial hair
        loud, deep voice
        developed muscles
        broad shoulders
        girls: 8-16
        secondary characteristics
        high pitched voice
        development of breasts
        broad pelvis & narrow shoulders
        pubic & axillary hair
        psychological issues
        males
        more aggressive
        more production
        females
        more emotional
        abnormalities
        delay
        boys: after 20
        girls: after 17
        precocious
        below the age of 8
        pseudo
        only secondary characteristics
        true
        secondary characteristics & gametogenesis
  3. preventive factors
    1. employment
    2. good income
    3. parental education
  4. if drug use stopped abruptly
    1. withdrawal symptoms
      1. sweating
      2. depression
        decreased dopamine
        due to
      3. tremors
      4. nausea
      5. insomnia
examination & investigation
1. abdomen
  1. hepatomegaly
    1. overwhelmed from
      1. detoxification
        phase 1
        Functionalization/Biotransformation
        reduction
        hydrolysis
        oxidation/hydroxylation
        adding OH
        by
        phase 2
        conjugation
        adding conjugates to make the substance more polar and easily excreted
        4G
        glaucouronic acid
        glycine
        glutamine
        glutathoion
        M
        methyl
        S
        sulfate
        A
        acetate
        T
        thiosulfate
2. cardiovascular
  1. tachycardia
  2. murmurs
3. neurological
  1. cognitive impairment
  2. tremor
4. blood test
  1. liver enzymes
    1. cytochrome P450
  2. CBC
  3. urine & serum toxicology
  4. HIV
  5. amylase & lipase
  6. blood alcohol
5. appearance
  1. nasal irritation
  2. skin
    1. needle marks
  3. conjuctival irritation

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Slippery Path (Abused drugs)

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	Criado por Abdelrahman Nouh mais de 5 anos atrás