Organising Information

Organising Information

1. Types of Memory

   • Sensory Memory
     • Information is received at receptor level & then coded into electrochemical impulses that the nervous system can handle
   • Short-term Memory
     • Focusing of conscious attention on relevant information. The capacity & duration of this memory is limited. Also call working memory
   • Long-term Memory
     • Limitless capacity and duration - information that was meaningfully organized & rehearsed is stored permanently.
       • Types of long-term memory include declarative memory, semantic memory, episodic memory & procedural memory

2. Rehearsal

   • Rehearsal is one way of dealing with information actively.
     • Deliberate recycling or practicing of the content of short-term store.
   • 2 effects of rehearsal
     • A. it maintains information in the short-term store
     • and
     • B. increases the probability of that information being stored in the long-term store.
     • Rehearsal transfers information from the short-term store to the long-term store. Frequency of rehearsal is an NB aspect in the effectiveness of rehearsal
   • 2 types of rehearsal
     • Maintenance rehearsal: low-level, repetitive recycling of info
     • Elaborate rehearsal: complex rehearsal that utilizes the meaning of the info to help store & remember it

3. Retrieval

   • flipside of memory is the inability to retrieve - forgetting
   • Factors to consider when focusing on retrieval
     • decay: older memory trace will be forgotten
       • interference: everyday interferences can have an effect on memory
         • paired-associate learning: bases on the stimulus-response principle
           • retrieval clues: certain cues re encoded along with information
             • testing: testing yourself is a way of learning or evaluating your memory or retrieval