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operating system

1. a low level software that supports a computers basic functions such as scheduling taskes and controlling peripherals

   • controls the backing store and peripherals such as scanners and printers deals with the transfer of programs in and out of memory organises the use of memory between programs organises processing time between programs and users maintains security and access rights of users deals with errors and user instructions allows the user to save files to a backing store provides the interface between the user and the computer - for example, Windows Vista and Apple OSX. For more information, see the User Interfaces Revision Bite. issues simple error messages

2. An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function.

3. Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, OS X, QNX, Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS. All these examples, except Windows, Windows Phone and z/OS, share roots in UNIX.

4. Graphical user interfaces Advantages (only when it is properly built) - it can be user-friendly and speed up the user's work. - it can be more attractive for non-technical people. - in general, it looks more professional (but this does not mean it is always the best solution). Disadvantages - when it is not properly built, it can be very difficult to work with. - it generally requires more memory resources than a non-graphical one. - it might require the installation of additional software, e.g., the "runtime environment" in the case of java. - depending on the programmer, it might require more time to be implemented

5. The CLI was the primary means of interaction with most computer systems until the introduction of the video display terminal in the mid-1960s, and continued to be used throughout the 1970s and 1980s on Unix systems and personal computer systems including MS-DOS, CP/M and Apple DOS.

6. Advantages of CLI: -Most folks that have computer technology as a career are familiar with using this interface, especially if they have a *nix background. -Requires a lower threshold for the interface. This means that a relatively simple program like telnet (available almost on all machines) is all you need to interface via CLI. -Easy to integrate with scripting, and other programmatic interfaces. -They can be quite powerful in the right hands. Piping multiple commands together, parsing feedback, etc. -Many of the most common CLI executables in the *nix world are consistently ported, so there is a lot of consistency across systems. Disadvantages of CLI: -Not intuitive, especially to a lay user. -No media. -Complex combinations can be difficult to remember, and slower to type (but that is on a task by task basis, as often you can perform tasks faster with CLI)