linking words

linking words

1. however

   • the government passed the new law. however, many people were aganist me
     • we use comma to separated however from the rest of the sentence
   • I agree with the idea. I don't think it's very practical, however.

2. in spite of / despite

   • we can use this prepositions with a noun
     • to express concession or contrast
       • in spite of / despite the cold weather, we decided to go for a walk
         • if we use this preposition with a clause, we have to include the fact that
           • the government passed the new law in spite of / despite the fact that many people were against it
       • the government passed the new law in spite of / despite the opposition

3. while

   • we use it to contrast 2 aspects of two similar things within a sentence
     • while I agree with the idea, I don't think its is very practical
       • (AL)THOUGH is also not possible here
     • some of my friends have found some work while others are still unemployed

4. to or for?

   • we can use for with a noun to say why we do or something
     • why don't you come over for coffee?
   • to talk about the purpose of a thing, we use either a to- infinitive or for + an ing form
     • this weather is to keep / for keeping the plants warm in winter
     • this time is used to cut / for cutting plastic
   • but we do not use for + an ing form to talk about a specific action
     • I put the heater on to keep the plants warm.
       • NOT
         • I put the heater on for keeping the plants warm.

5. so that

   • after so that we use a subject and verb, e.g. it gets
     • I'll post the card today so that it gets there on daniel's birthday

6. to

   • we used to - infinitive to express purpose
     • Jair was hurrying to catch her bus

7. whereas, while and on the other hand

   • we used these words to express comparison between 2 ideas
     • united are top of the league, whereas city are bottom
     • yesterday it was freezing cold, while today it's quite warm
     • the flat is conveniently located. on the other hand, there's a lot of noise from the traffic

8. but

   • expresses a contrast or conflict between 2 ideas. we can also use although
     • the café was crowded, but we found a table

9. even though

   • tough is informal.it means the same as although
     • but EVEN THOUGH is stronger, more emphatic than although
       • Charles looked quite fresh, even though he'd been playing squash

10. although

    • we can contrast 2 ideas or situations within a sentence with although
      • although the weather was very cold, we decided to go for a walk
        • informally we can use though in the same way
          • though the weather was cold, we decided to go for a walk
            • WHILE is not possible here
          • the goverment passed the new law though many people opposed it
      • the goverment pased the new law although many people opposed it

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