More atoms

More atoms

1. ELECTRON ORBITALS

   • The region in the atom where the electrons are likely to be found
   • SUBSHELLS are the shells inside of the normal ones
   • The movement of the electrons within the orbital is referred to as an ORBITAL CLOUD
   • P-orbitals are dumb-bell shaped

2. LINE SPECTRA

   • Evidence for electronic structure
   • Flame tests- specific frequencies of light produced for particular elements
   • Line spectra are produced
   • Frequencies of light are produced by ELECTRONIC EXCITATION
   • Proves the existence of limited energy transitions within atoms take place

3. SOLUTIONS

   • solution= solute + solvent
   • Concentration(molesdm-3)= amount of solute(moles) / volume of solution
   • MOLAR CONCENTRATION= the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 dm3 of solution
   • MOLAR SOLTUION= when 1 mole of solute is dissolved in 1 mole of solution

4. CONCENTRATION

   • Parts per million(ppm)
     • Used for very small concs
   • mass of component/ mass of solution x 1000000
   • Exhaust emissions, pollution and gases in the atmosphere
   • NUCLEAR CHARGE= +ve charge proportional to the number of protons in the nucleas

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