ANS

ANS

1. 2 neuron system

   • Pregang neuron
     • Cell body CNS
     • to autonomic ganglion
     • always excitatory
       • Ach
   • Postgang neuron
     • Cell body ANS
     • Goes to target tissue
       • muscle, gland
   • Excite/ inhibit

2. divisions

   • sympathetic
     • fight or flight
     • ganglia near spinal cord
     • pregang
       • short
       • Lateral gray horn
     • postgang
       • long
       • norepinephrine
       • Sympathetic chain
         • Vertebra
       • prevertebral ganglia
         • abdominal aorta
       • adrenal medulla
         • epi
           • hormones
     • Thoracolumbar
     • generally doesn't have own nerves
   • parasympathetic
     • III
       • pupil/ lens
     • VII/ IX
       • Salivary + glands
     • X
       • thoracic/ abdom
     • Pelvic
       • lower abdomen + pelvic
     • craniosacral

3. (I) Olfactory

   • Information
     • Smell
     • cribriform plate
       • holes nasal cavity to olfactory bulb
       • override BBB
   • Origin
     • Nose/ olfactory bulb
     • olfactory tract
   • Destination
     • Pyriform area
       • 1 olfactory area
       • limen insula
       • amygdaloid complex

4. (II) Optic

   • Information
     • Vision
   • Origin
     • light perc
       • lens
         • focus to retina (fovea)
           • processed by epithelial
             • Optic tract
               • CNS
   • Destination
     • lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

5. (III) Oculomotor

   • Info
     • eye movement
       • superior rectus/ inferior oblique
         • up
         • IF- torsion/ eye roll
       • inferior rectus
         • Down
       • medial rectus
         • in (adduct)
       • Parasympathetic
         • lens and pupil
   • Origin
     • midbrain
       • superior colliculus
         • mesencephalon level
   • Destination
     • accomidation pathway
       • cross eyes
         • increase curvature of lens
         • pupillary constriction
         • convergence of eyes
     • extraocular muscles
       • ciliary ganglion

6. (IV) Trochlear

   • Info
     • Extraocular muscle
   • Origin
     • SC
       • mesencephalon
   • Dest
     • superior oblique
       • down and out

7. (V) Trigeminal

   • Info
     • Face+ head
       • **
       • VI: Ophthalmic
         • Touch, pain, temp, proprioceptive
       • V2: Maximillary
         • maxilla, overlying skin, nasal cavity, palate, nasopharynx, meninges
       • V3: Mandibular
         • buccal region
           • mucus membrane of mouth and gums
     • Anterior oral cavity
     • Ant 2/3 tongue
     • muscles mastication
       • chewing
         • branchial
   • Origin
     • mesencephalic nucleus
       • midbrain
     • masticator nucleus
       • midpons
     • Cornea, eye, orbit, forehead, ethmoid, frontal sinuses, meningeal branch
       • Frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary nerves
   • Dest
     • spinal cord
     • ... thalamus? Cortex?

8. (VI) Abducens

   • Info
     • Extraoccular muscle
       • move eye out
   • Origin
     • pons
       • trapezoid body and FC
   • Dest
     • lateral rectus
     • interneurons
       • enter MLF
         • innervate contralateral oculomotor subnucleus
           • medial rectus muscle

9. (VII) Facial

   • Info
     • muscles facial expression
     • Ear
       • possibly supplement mandibular nerve?
     • SS: Taste, ant 2/3 tongue
     • Parasympathetic: lacrimal, salivary glands
       • lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands, mucous glands of nose, paranasal sinuses, hard and soft palate
         • pretty much all but integumentary and parotid glands
     • some reflexes?
   • Origin
     • brainstem (duh?)
       • pontine tegmentum
         • salivatory nucleus
     • taste: geniculate ganglion tympanic cavity
   • Dest
     • muscles
     • upper medulla
     • taste: nucleus solitarius

10. (VIII) Vestibulococholear

    • Info
      • Hearing/ balance
        • head rotation/ eye consistancy
    • Origin
      • Cochlea
        • bony structure (modiolus)
        • cochlear ganglion
      • semicircular canals
        • vestibular ganglion
    • Dest
      • Medulla
        • occulomotor system
        • vestibular nuclear complex
          • medial longitudinal fasciculus
            • III
            • IV
            • VI

11. (IX) Glossopharyngeal

    • Info
      • pharynx (minor)
      • posterior oral cavity
      • tongue
      • pharynx
      • carotid body
        • chemoreceptors
      • sinus
        • baroreceptors
      • SS: taste, post 1/3 tongue
      • parasympathetic: parotid gland
    • Origin
      • medulla
        • saivatory nucleus
    • Dest
      • stylopharyngeus muscle
        • elevates pharynx duing swallowing and speech

12. (X) Vagus

    • Info
      • pharynx, larynx, post 1/3 tongue
      • mucosa of pharynx, larynx, abdomen
        • pharyngeal vs. laryngeal branch
          • pain, touch, temp
      • SS: taste, epiglottis
      • parasympathetic: thoracid and abdominal viscera to transverse colon
        • dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
          • input from hypothalamus, olfactors, RF, nuc tractus solitaris
    • Origin
      • medulla
    • Dest
      • cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal plexuses

13. (XI) Spinal Accessory

    • Info
      • neck muscles
    • Origin
      • foramen
    • Dest
      • sternomastoid muscle
      • trapezius
    • not real cranial nerve

14. (XII) Hypoglossal

    • Info
      • tongue muscles
        • talking?
    • Origin
      • caudal medulla
    • Dest
      • intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
        • all muscles in tongue but one

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