2.2 Programming

2.2 Programming

1. variables

   • Identify and name variables and constants
   • Recognise the need for descriptive identifiers
   • able to assign input to a variable and output it
   • Be Recognise the need for Variables and Constants
   • inputing name and outputting through variables

2. operators

   • BODMAS
   • Operators represent the operations that are performed on the data.
   • +, -, /, *, ^

3. sequence

   • Sequencing allows a programmer to solve complex tasks through a number of simple steps.
     • sometimes we need to add before we do multiplication and division
   • The order of steps in most tasks matters
     • we use brackets in maths to make sure that certain operations are done

4. selection

   • The use of selection allows a computer to “think”
     • depending on a set of conditions
     • , it is used for validation, calculation and making sense of a user’s choices
       • Good connection to the topic of Boolean operations and logic gates
   • Selection changes the flow of a program

5. Iteration

   • we can ask a computer to count up to 20,000
     • we can ask the computer to count while skipping every 2nd or third number
       • display these numbers doubled on the screen
   • Computers are good at repetitive tasks without human supervision
     • Repetitive tasks will be performed by a program that repeatedly executes a set of commands looping back to the start

6. file handling

   • Be able, given a path open a serial/text file and store its contents in a variable or an array
   • Recognise that text files are in string format and need string manipulation and casting
     • Get the list of files in a folder/directory and recognise which files are text files by extensions
   • Write a string variable to a file
   • Output the contents of the text file to screen

7. string manipulation

   • UPPER(“Hello”) becomes “HELLO”, can be also written as “Hello”.upper
   • LOWER(“Hello”) becomes “hello”, can be also written as “Hello”.lower
   • Escape characters are strings
   • . They are usually denoted by “\” appearing in front of them

8. records

   • Understand the need for records in reading/store
   • Understand the need for fields of diff data types
   • Our brains are not very good in keeping track of many numbers
   • Yet, we need a column for every question we asked about an 0bject, e.g. name, weight, age, height, etc

9. SQL

   • SQL stands for Standard Query Language
   • These databases are not stored in text files or CSV
   • but in binary proprietary formats, of which the more common ones include MySQL, SQLlite, MsAccess, Oracle

10. arrays

    • Arrays are made up of elements (items) holding related data
    • Every item in an array has an index
    • like a room number in a hotel that we can access it by

11. sub programs

    • programs within a program
    • for an example scratch is a sub program