Malaria

Malaria

1. Protozoa

   • Unicellular
   • Plasmodium
     • Falciparum
     • Vivax
     • Ovale
     • Malariae

2. Life cycle

3. Clinical features

   • Prodromal symptoms
     • Flu like symptoms
   • Clinical infection
     • Febrile attacks
       • Malarial paroxysms
     • Nausea & vomiting
     • Splenomegaly
     • Hepatomegaly
     • Anemia

4. Complications duE to P. Falciparum

   • Cerebral malaria
   • Severe anemia
   • Severe hypoglycemia
   • Poor pregnancy outcome
   • Blackwater fever
     • Massive intravascular hemolysis
   • Nephrotic syndrome (p. Malaria)

5. Diagnosis

   • Microscopy
     • Thin and thick blood films
   • Gold standard
     • Giemsa stain
     • Thick and thin blood films
       • For presence of parasite
     • Thin blood films
       • Identification of species
   • Flourescent microscopy
     • Acridine orange staining

6. Treatment

   • Anti malarial drugs
     • Act on
       • Blood schizontocides
         • Chloroquine, Quinine, Mefloquine, Atovaquone, Artemisinin, Proguanil, Antifolates
       • Tissue schizonticides
         • Primaquine
       • Gametocytocidal
         • Chloroquine, Quinine ; Primaquine
     • Resistance

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