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programming techniques hahahaaaaa....;}

1. VARIABLES

   • Variables are named locations in memory that are used to store temporary values that can change as the program is run. Constants are named locations in memory that are used to store values that do not change throughout the program's execution. The value stored by variable or constant can be set or recalled by using the identifier (name) of the variable. The process of setting a value to a variable or constant is called assignment
   • In some programming languages, variables need to be declared before they can be used to store data. Declaring a variable means to state its name (identifier) and the type of data that it will contain, for example var player_score Int. Python doesn't require that variables are explicitly declared before they are used. Instead, they are automatically declared upon first use. Python also doesn't require that the type of data being stored is stated, it simply infers the data's type from the data that is assigned to (stored in) the variable.

2. IDENTIFIERS

   • It is important that variable identifiers (names) are clearly descriptive of the data that they hold. For example, player_name is clearly going to be used to store the name of the player in a game. It would be perfectly possible to write x = "Mary", but it wouldn't be at all clear what the purpose of variable x is. Using sensible, clear and descriptive variable identifiers helps to ensure that code is easily understood by yourself and other developers and will reduce the need for documentation and the likelihood of making errors. If errors do appear, the code will be easier to understand and therefore the source of errors will be easier to identify and fix.
   • 1. Identifiers cannot include spaces. Underscores or "CamelCase" can be used where an identifier is to be made from two or more words. 2. Identifiers can contain letters, numbers and underscore symbols (_) only. However, in Python, variable identifiers cannot start with a number but can contain a number anywhere else in the identifier. 3. Certain reserved words cannot be used as identifiers if they are existing built-in commands, statements or functions. For example, you cannot use 'if' as a variable identifier. 4. Identifiers are case sensitive. For example, myAge and myage are two different identifiers and cannot be used interchangeably. Forgetting capital letters in identifiers is a very common cause of syntax error! 5. Identifiers should be short, but not so short as to be meaningless or unclear.

3. CONSTANTS

   • Constants are very much like variables, except that their assigned values do not change during the execution (running) of a program. Constants are very useful for representing values that you don't want to have to re-type throughout the program, either because they are awkward or because you would have to replace many instances of a fixed value if you were to change this value during your design of the program. In some programming languages, constants are declared using a specific keyword such as let or const. In Python, there is no specific declaration for a constant, so CAPITAL IDENTIFIERS are used to help identify constants within the program.