AS - memory

AS - memory

1. LTM

   • a process of rehersal puts information in the LTM.
   • if information is displaced, it is forgotten
   • words are remembered through semantic coding.
     • information with a strong semantic meaning will be remembered better than a weak semantic meaning
     • words with similar meanings are less likely to be remembered
   • the LTM capacity is limitless/ infinite, but over time information can be forgotten
     • Bahrick
       • asked people to match names to faces/ name faces or complete recall of people they went to school with 30/ 40 years before
       • found that over time the number of people remebered for all variations went down. this suggests that eventually, the information in the LTM gets disgarded.
         • it was a lab/ controlled experiment and it was using something that is not irrelivent is normal life.
         • there could have been rehersal when people have seen people over the years or remained friends.

2. STM

   • capacity is 7 +- 2
     • the idea is that the STM can hold, on average, 5 chunks of information
       • chunking
   • duration is about 18 seconds
     • the trigram experiment.
       • they showed a group of participants flash cards with three letters on the participants were then asked to recall them after 8, 10, 1, 15 and 18 seconds. they were also asked to cound in threes backwards to give them a task so no rehersal could take place.
   • it is acoustic coding
     • words that sound similar are more likely to be forgotten
   • primary and recency effect
     • words at the beginning and end of a long list are more likely to be remembered due to them being the clearest accoustically.

3. Multi - store model

   • sensory
     • short term memory
       • long term memory
       • rehearsal
       • forgetting

4. working model of memory

   • central executive - the boss
     • phonological loop
       • works with sound, e.g. talking, listening to music and writing
     • visiospacial sketchpad
       • works when you are doing a task with picturing places and /or shapes e.g. giving directions
     • the episodic buffer
       • works to reduce the stress on the brain during multipal tasks
     • will take over from the slave systems if they are not keeping up with the demand
   • explanation for multitasking. - not possible for the slave systems to do two tasks well, but both can be working on a different task at the same time e.g. giving directions while talking