Mapa mental
Swelling in Neck
Conteúdo do mapa
Swelling in Neck
Due to
- Lymphadenopathy
- Lymph nodes
- Development
- Begins at the end of week five
- Arise as sac-like outgrowth from the endothelium veins
- Six primary lymph sacs
- Two jugular
- Two iliac
- One retroperitoneal
- One cisterna chyli
- Numerous channels connects the sac with each other and drain the lymph
- Two main channels, the right and left thoracic ducts
- Join the jugular sacs with the cisterna chyli
- Thoracic duct
- Both duct join the venous system
- Empty into the junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins
- Join the jugular sacs with the cisterna chyli
- Two main channels, the right and left thoracic ducts
- Transformed into groups of lymph nodes in early fetal life "third month"
- Except the upper portion of the cisterna chyli, which persists
- Surrounding mesenchymal cells
- Give rise to the lymph node capsule and the connective tissue framework of the node
- Invade each sac
- Break it up into lymphatic channels or sinuses
- Six primary lymph sacs
- Other Lymphatic tissues
- Spleen
- Aggregation of mesenchymal cells
- Palatine tonsils
- 2nd pair of pharyngeal pouches
- Tubal (Pharyngotympanic) tonsils
- Pharyngeal tonsils (Adenoids)
- Lingual tonsils
- Aggregations of lymph nodules
- Lymph nodules in the mucosa
- Digestive tract
- Respiratory tract
- Spleen
- Distribution
- Interrupt the course of lymphatic vessels
- Contain elements of body’s defense system
- Lymphocyte
- T cell
- Cell-mediated immunity
- CD4+ T cells
- Helps
- Helps
- CD8+ T cell
- Kill virus infected cells
- Delayed cell-mediated hypersensitivity (type IV)
- Acute and chronic cellular organ rejection
- Differentiation and maturation in
- Thymus
- In the anterosuperior mediastinum
- Encapsulated
- 3rd pharyngeal pouch
- Cortex dense with immature cells
- Medulla pale with Mature T cells and Hassal corpuscles (Reticular cells)
- Thymus
- B cell
- Humoral immunity
- Recognize antigen
- Produce antibody
- T cell
- Macrophages
- Lymphocyte
- Accessible to palpation
- Axilla
- Groin and femoral region
- Neck
- Superficial ring of lymph nodes
- Drains into
- Occipital
- Mastoid
- Pre-auricular
- Parotid
- Submental
- Submandibular
- Facial
- Maxillary “infraorbital”
- Buccinator
- Supramandibular
- Superficial Cervical
- Superficial anterior cervical nodes
- Collect lymph from the superficial surfaces of the anterior neck
- Close to anterior jugular vein
- Posterior lateral superficial cervical nodes
- Close to external jugular vein
- Collect lymph from superficial surfaces of the neck
- Superficial anterior cervical nodes
- Drains into
- Vertical group of deep lymph nodes
- Superior deep cervical lymph nodes
- Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes
- Include
- Prelaryngeal
- Pretracheal and Paratracheal
- Retropharyngeal
- Infrahyoid
- Jugulodigastric and Jugulo-omohyoid
- Supraclavicular
- Include
- Superior deep cervical lymph nodes
- Superficial ring of lymph nodes
- Not palpable
- Trachea and bronchi
- Aorta and its branches
- Small (0.1-2.5 cm long)
- Development
- Causes
- Acute infections
- Chronic infections
- Cat Scratch Disease
- Primary or secondary tumors
- Lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
- Diverse group of malignant neoplasms variously derived from
- B cell progenitors
- T cell progenitors
- Mature B cells
- Mature T cells
- Rarely natural killer cells
- Classification
- Precursor B cell
- Precursor T cell
- Acute lymphoblastic lymphoma
- Peripheral B cell
- Mantle cell lymphoma
- Follicular lymphoma
- Marginal zone lymphoma
- Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
- Transform into
- By Richter transformation
- Transform into
- Burkitt lymphoma
- Small lymphocytic lymphoma
- Similar to
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Similar to
- Peripheral T cell
- Anaplastic large T cell lymphoma
- Peripheral T cell lymphoma
- Mycosis fungoides
- Precursor B cell
- Aggressive
- Survival rate (1-2 years)
- Rapid cellular proliferation
- 60% of NHL
- Younger patents
- More B symptoms
- Short natural history
- Indolent
- Slow cellular proliferation
- 40% of NHL
- Older patients
- Few B symptoms
- Long natural history
- Survival rate (7 to 10 years)
- Diagnosis
- Excisional biopsy
- Immunohistochemistry
- Flow cytometry
- Chromosome changes
- Staging
- Blood tests
- biopsy & aspirate
- Types of biopsy
- Fine needle aspiration
- Core needle biopsy
- Excisional biopsy
- Bilateral bone
- Types of biopsy
- Lactic dehydrogenase, beta-2 microglobulin levels
- Chest x-ray, CT scan
- PET
- Lumbar puncture
- AIDS NHL
- Management
- Chemotherapy
- R-CHOP
- R-CVP
- FCR
- DA-EPOCH
- Follow-up care
- Medical history and physical exam
- Lab tests
- CT scan
- Chemotherapy
- Diverse group of malignant neoplasms variously derived from
- Risk factors
- Age & Gender
- Family history
- Weakened immune system
- Exposure to certain chemicals and drugs
- Race, ethnicity, and geography
- Infections
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) / mononucleosis
- Burkitt lymphoma
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1)
- T-cell lymphoma
- Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8)
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) / mononucleosis
- Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)
- Classification
- Classic Hodgkins Lymphoma (cHL)
- Nodular Sclerosis type
- Mixed cellularity
- Lymphocyte Rich
- Lymphocyte Depleted
- Nodular Lymphocyte predominant Hodgkins lymphoma (NLPHL)
- Classic Hodgkins Lymphoma (cHL)
- Classification
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
- Lymphoma
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Lymph nodes
- Lymphadenopathy
Imagens e arquivos do mapa
Informações
- Descrição
- Mapa Mental sobre Swelling in Neck, criado por Alya Almualla em 25-03-2019.
- Criado por
- Alya Almualla
- Visualizações
- 10
- Avaliação