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1. Step 1: Where the research area is identified and stated . It is important that the researcher studies about something he or she is most interested in. It shows concise description of changes needed to a condition as improvement (showing the gap between the present problem and desired objective)

   • The identified area of interest in the case study is the use of cigarette among high school learners in grades 10 to 12 in South Africa between the ages 11 to 17

2. Step2: Department of the Research Question The research question should identify the research and area of interest . Which should also be complex ,concise and arguable . It should arise the reason for study .

   • The research question:At what age do men and women of South Africa start using cigarettes . What is the prevalent use by men and women of SA.