5° semester

5° semester

1. Block 1

   • used to
     • indicate something that happened or happened in the past in the usual way. It is also used for something that was once true but is no longer true. As with the other modal verbs, "used" is followed by the base form of the verb.
       • Example- AFFIRMATIVE: I used to play in the rain -NEGATIVE: I didn´ t use to play in the rain - INTERROGATIVE: Did you to play?
   • Obligation/ Neccessity
     • We use must to indicate duty or obligation to do something; we could translate it as having to or duty.
       • Rules: -Afirmativa Sujeto + must + verbo -Negativa Sujeto + mustn't +verbo -Interrogative must+sujeto+verbo+?
   • Prohibition
     • You know forbbiden sing are universal, they don´ t need words oor labels; you get the idea inmmediately. Rules 1:NO+V ing 2:NO+ obj allowed 3NO+V ing allowed
       • Examples No smoking No parking No pets allowed Trucks prohibited No "U" turning allowed
   • have to do/ has to
     • It is used to give advice. It indicates that something is good and therefore should be done. It is a recommendation, It has less tax force than "must" and that "have to It is also used to give an order but in a very polite way.
       • Examples: AFFIRMATIVE: I have to work everyday NEGATIVE: I don´t have to work everday. INTERROGATIVE: Do you have to work everyday?

2. 6° semester

   • block 1
     • Furure with will
       • The simple future will. The future simple is a verb tense that we usually use to express actions or events that will happen at a time after the present moment: I will sing, you will sing, he will sing
         • Affirmative: Subject + "will" + verb. Negative: Subject + “will” + “not” + verb Interrogative:“Will” + subject + verb?
     • Definitely and probably
       • The use of definitely and probably in positive sentences before the verb. in negative sentences before the auxiliary tense with the negative word= will not or wont
         • Example: Dennis will definitely get the scholarship
     • Sure and Unsure
       • Sure: it is an adjective: certain of something; having no doubts, sure about/ of something Unsure: it is an adjective: Not certain of somenthing; having doubts, unsure about/ of sosmething
         • Example: Sure: Ethan was sure what to do next. He has experience Unsure: there were a lot of things I felt unsure about
     • May and Might
       • Used to ask, express permission. Also to say there is a possibility
         • May: May I got the cafeteria? (permission), Stephanie may spend more time with her family this weekend (possibility) Might: I might get tickets for the killers concert (possibility)
     • Maybe and Perhaps
       • They are used when someone or somenthing is not certain about or not sure. we use them when we think somenthing is possible, but we are not certain. There is no difference between perhaps and maybe, both words can be used interchangeably
   • Block 2
     • zero conditional
       • The zero conditional is a structure used for talking about general truths - things which always happen. Under certain conditions; also are used to talk about what you normally do in real- life situations
         • Examples: If you heat a substance If you heat Water to 1000 degress if + subject + present simple, + subject+ present simple
     • First Conditional
       • The fist conditional, or conditional of the future refers, as its name indicates, to conditions and circumstances that may be met in the future
         • Examples:If the passes the exam, he¨ll get a raise If+ subject + present simple+ subject + will+ verb in infinitive
     • Second conditional
       • Used the second condicional to talk about hypothetical, or unreal situations.
         • What would you do if you won the lottery? If i won the lottery, I¨d travel around the world
     • So and Neither
       • We use SO + Auxiliary verb+ pronoun, to avoid repetition of an earlier statement or phrase in positive sentences We use NEITHER+ auxiliary verb+ pronoun, to avoid repletion of an earlier statement or phrase in negative sentences
     • Reported speech
       • Is used to communicate what someone else says, thinks or believes, but without using the exact words, a few changes are necessary; a pronoun has to be changed often and the verb is usually moved back a tense, where possible
   • block 3
     • Present perfect
       • Finished action that has an influence on the present. Action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking. signal words of present perfect
         • Example: I have lost my key. I have never been to Australia.
     • For and Since
       • For: A period of time example: I have been in the library for 3 hours Since: A point in time Example: I have been a teacher since 2005
     • Present perfect progressive
       • The progressive present is formed with the present tense of the verb "to be" plus another verb to which the ending "-ing" is added. Be + V-ing
         • Example: I am writing a letter now.

3. Block 2

   • HOW MUCH
     • Used to ask the amount of something uncountable
       • EXAMPLE: How much milk do you drink you need? How much money do you need to day ? HOW MUCH ´+UNCOUNTABLE NOUN ?
   • HOW MANY
     • Is used to ask the number of something countable
       • EXAMPLE : HOW MANY POTATOES DO YOU NEED? HOW MANY APPLES DO YOU BUY? HOW MUCH+SINGULAR OR PLURAL NOUN
   • TOO
     • Too expresses more then necessary / more than sufficient
       • example: that coffee is too hot . I can't drink it Too+ adjective + infinitive phrase
   • Enough
     • Enough expresses sufficient , adequate . no more than necessary. Look at the place of enough with an adjective Adjective+enough+ infinitive phrase
       • example: I can't eat the dish . It's enough
   • TOO MUCH/TOO MANY
     • TOO MUCH WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS EXAMPLE: THAT MEDITERRANEAN DISH HAVE TOO MUCH OIL TOO MANY WITH COUNTABLE NOUNS EXAMPLE: MS SCOTT HAS EATEN TOO MANY AVOCADOS TODAY
   • COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE
     • They are always in singular -Cannot be counted with numbers -Does not have a plural form EXAMPLES : salt,water , beans , noise , money mustard , time , bread ,

4. Block 3

   • Be Going to
     • It is used to talk about the future. It is usually used to talk about spontaneous decisions or events that could happen in the future. - It is used to talk about wills or desires and to make predictions.
       • Example 1.- Sonia and Robert are going to stay at home and watch the soccer game
   • Future with going to
     • We use be going to talk our plans and intentions for the future.In a more informal way, Gonna deals Gonig to= gonna
   • Present progressive
     • Sometimes, speakers use the Present Progresive to express that something will not occur in the near future. The present Progressive is formed by the verb to be in present (am,is,are) and the-ing of the verb.
   • Present continuos with future meaning
     • Sometime, speakers use the Present Continuos to indicate that something will or will not happen the near future. Use the present progressive to talk abaut a confirmed, definite plan in the future .
   • You are have to visit
     • I tell you that I traveled to puerto vallarta a place without doubt beautiful, with many impressionable views, you tell me your travel experiences
   • Present- Future
     • We use the present perfect in English when we are talking about an event that started in the past and the event still has some influence in the present. This influence could be something that you have experienced and that still has an impact on your life. It could also be used for things that have changed over time, or a task that was left unfinished in the past and will be completed in the future