Computer Networking

Computer Networking

1. Principles of Networking

   • Roads that connect groups of people together
     • Rules need to be followed
   • Connection types
     • Copper cabling
       • Fiber-optic cabling
         • Wireless connection

2. Fun facts

   • Printer connected to PC is a peripheral
     • Printer connected to network is a host
   • Lower costs and increased productivity
     • Fewer peripherals
       • Increase communication
         • Avoid file duplication/corruption
           • Low cost licensing
             • Centralize admin
               • Conserve Resource
   • 1 byte = 8 bits

3. Types of Networks

   • Local Area Network (LAN):
   • Wireless LAN(WLAN)
   • Personal Area Network (PAN): Bluetooth
   • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
   • Wire Area Network (WAN): Two LAN connected but Dif Location
   • Peer-to-Peer:Each device is a client
     • Lacks control
   • Client/Server: Control access to server

4. Basic Networking Concepts and Tech

   • Packets: data that is broken down
     • Frame: Source and destination address
   • Latency: travel time
   • Data Transmission
     • Simplex
       • Half-Duplex
         • Full-Duplex
   • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
   • IP address: Identify a device on the network
     • IPv4 vs. IPv6
   • MAC: like a fingerprint
   • Static IP address: assigned, does not change
   • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): Auto assign
     • 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 means communication could not be made
   • DNS: Translates URLs to IP address
   • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP): To test network

5. TCP and UDP

   • TCP: Error detection, Reliable Transport Protocol
     • Email Web Browser Error Detection Reliable Delivery of Data
   • UDP: Lower Overhead, Connectionless
     • Simple File Transfer Network File System

6. Network Devices

   • Modems
   • Hubs, Bridges and Switches
   • Routers and Wireless Access Points
   • NAS
   • VoIP Phones
   • Hardware Firewall
   • Internet Application
   • Cables and connectors
     • Consider Cost, Security, Future proof, Wireless
     • Coaxial cable
       • RG-59 (most common)
       • Connectors: F series, BNC
     • Twisted-Pair Cables
       • Two wiring schemes T568A, T568B
       • CAT 3: 6-pin RJ-11
         • REST: 8-pin RJ-45
     • Fiber-Optic Cables

7. Network Topologies

   • Physical Topologies
     • Bus
       • Ring
         • Star
           • Hierarchical
             • Mesh
               • Hybrid