Solutions

Solutions

1. Definition: A liquid that contains two or more components.

   • Solvent: Greatest quantity in a solution.
   • Solute: The solute is the component that is added to the solvent it has a lower quantity in solution.

2. Examples: (solid/liquid) copper and zinc, (gas/liquid) fizzy drinks carbon dioxide and water.

3. Characteristics of solutions

   • The concentration is the amount of solute per volume of solution.
     • The amount of a liquid is express through its concentration.
     • Units: Units: (mol/dm-3) (g/dm-3)
   • Units
     • Number of moles per solute: n:cV
     • Concentration of solute (mol dm-3) x volume of solution (dm-3)
     • PPM
       • A unit that is really useful to describe very low concentrations.
       • PPM: (mass of components/total mass solution) x 10^6
       • These values are based on mass and they are independent of temperature.
       • Parts per million (1 part per 10^6)

4. Methods to calculate specific elements in solutions

   • Tentration
   • Volumetric analysis
     • pipette
     • Burette
     • Indicator
     • Equivalence point