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Critical Thinking

1. Elements of Though

   • What are they used for?
     • To analyze the different ways that an object or something can be observe and have a different perspective of the things or the information
   • Which are they?
     • Purpose
       • Your purpose what you are trying to accomplish, like a goal or an objective.
         • What am I trying to accomplish? What is my central aim? My purpose?
     • Question at issue
       • Establish out the problems or issue.
         • What question am I raising? What question am I addressing?
     • Information
       • Includes data, evidence, or experiences we use to figure things out.
         • What information am I using in coming to that conclusion? What experience have I had to support this claim?
     • Interpretation & Inference
       • Are conclusions you come to.
         • How did I reach this conclusion? Is there another way to interpret the information?
     • Concepts
       • Are ideas, theories, or hypotheses that are use in thinking to make sense of things.
         • What is the main idea here? Could I explain this idea?
     • Assumption
       • are theories you take for granted
         • What am I taking for granted? What assumption has lead me to that conclusion?
     • Implication & Consequences
       • Are claims or truths that logically follow from other claims or truths
         • If someone accepted my position, what would be the implications? What am I implying?
     • Point of View
       • Make sure you understand the limitations of your point of view and that you fully consider other relevant viewpoints.
         • From what point of view am I looking at this issue? Is there another point of view I should consider?

2. Universal Intellectual Standar

   • What are they used for ?
     • Standard that are applied to the thinking processes whenever someone it’s interested in checking the quality of a problem, issue or just a situation.
   • Which are they?
     • Clarity
       • Is the gateway standard. If a statement is unclear, we cannot determine whether it is accurate or relevant
     • Accuracy
       • A statement can be clear but not accurate, as in "Most dogs are over 300 pound
     • Precision
       • A statement can be both clear and accurate, but not precise
     • Relevance
       • A statement can be clear, accurate, and precise, but not relevant to the question at issue
     • Depth
       • A statement can be clear, accurate, precise, and relevant, but superficial (that is, lack depth)
     • Breadth
       • an argument from either the conservative or liberal standpoint which gets deeply into an issue, but only recognizes the insights of one side of the question
     • Logic
       • When we think, we bring a variety of thoughts together into some order. When the combination of thoughts are mutually supporting and make sense in combination.

3. The problem of egocentric thinking

   • As the name says egocentric thinking its to think just in yourself and to don't allow other persons point of view. Egocentric thinkers doesn't use intellectual standard, they use self-centered psychological