Cognitive Influences on Language Learning:

Cognitive Influences on Language Learning:

1. G FACTOR

   • Does intelligence determinate language success?
     • We can all develop L1 in a high degree, even when there is mental disability.
       • Neverthless, L2 does not occur as same as L1
   • What does intelligence involve?
     • At first, it involves linguistic and logical mathematical abilities
       • Nowadays, there exist different types of intelligence (Multiple Intelligence) Therefore, Multiple Intelligence allows teachers to be aware of students learning styles.
     • The importance of intelligence in L2 acquisition, it is vital to the analysis part of L2 (Reading and Writing)

2. LANGUAGE APTITUDE.

   • It's considered the natural ability to develop a language
     • Research attempts to test Ss to identify if aptitude determines L2 acquisition.
       • One research was British Language Project
         • Another, research was "Modern Language Aptitude"
           • Characteristics : 1. Phonemic Coding Ability 2. Gramatical Sensitive 3. Inducting language and 4.Rote learning ability
             • One lack of this theory was the communicative part.
               • Most of research attempts to study only grammar, memory, and analytic language.
         • Which believes that language aptitude was influenced by L1
           • Additionally, it was determined by social class, vocabulary development and innate language ability
     • Skehan mentions aptitude is the most successful predictor of language learning. (1989. p.28)

3. Cognitive Style

   • It is defined by the form in which Ss perceives, monitors and recall linguistic information.
   • Two main characteristics were:
     • Field-Independce
       • Student who is able to organize data from the most important to the less important (Students will have the natural ability to analyze L2)
     • Field-Dependent
       • Student who is not able to analyze the data. (Student will do better in a natural setting where he/she can interact with other students)
   • Additionally, more types of cognitives style were mention:
     • -Visual Learning -Auditory learning -Kinaesthetic learning- and Tactile Learning

4. Learning Strategies

   • Ellis "LS are particular approaches or techniques that learner employ to learn L2" (1997)
     • Strategies refers to techniques. Ss can apply to enhance learning.
     • Characteristics: 1.Cognitives strategies, 2. memeory, 3. compensation,4.social,5. affective and 6. communication strategies
     • Addtionally, there is strategies training:
       • Which refers to sharing with Ss those strategies to become better learners or even autonomous.
         • Teacher should spend suitable time with Ss, in order to make aware of activities that may use as a strategy
         • On the other hand, there are "out of the class strategies"
           • As teacher, we are aware of students who are motivated, they will spend their time trying to learn the language by his/ her own outside classroom.
             • Students can use strategies such as:1. Reading Authentic Material, 2. Watching moives,3. listen to the radio in the target language and so on.

Imagens e arquivos do mapa