Separating Mixtures

Separating Mixtures

1. Magnetism

   • Magnetism is defined as an atractive and replsive phenomenom produced by a moving electric charge
   • Many individuals use magnets every day for basic adhering functions. Whether it's sticking an important piece of paper to a refrigerator or closing a purse for more security.
     • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXCeuSiTOug&t=1s

2. Distillation

   • Distillaton is the technique of heating a liquid to create vapor in which is collected when cooled is separated from the original liquid.
   • One example of a simple distillation mixture is separating salt water to create pure water and salt. During the distillation process, the water starts to evaporate, and that vapor then cools down to form pure water. The pure water is collected in a second container. Once the distillation process has completed, salt is left behind in the original container that previously held the saltwater.
     • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxNfJLMNS4E&t=18s

3. Decanting

   • Decanting is a chemical laboratory process used to separate mixtures. In its simplest form, it just means allowing a a mixture of solid and liquid or two immiscible liquids to settle and separate by gravity.
   • A common example is decantation of oil and vinegar. When a mixture of the two liquids is allowed to settle, the oil will float on top of the water so the two components may be separated. Kerosene and water can also be separated using decantation.
     • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0-JcyEVWpE

4. Evaporation

   • Two familiar examples of evaporation are sweating and the rain cycle. When you are hot or undergo strenuous activity, your body produces sweat. The sweat on your skin gains energy from the body and eventually evaporates, in turn, cooling you down. In weather, evaporation is demonstrated during the rain cycle. Water on earth's surface evaporates and travels up through the atmosphere, where it's cooler.
     • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9l0s5zVibo&t=11s
   • Evaporation is the process of a substance in a liquid state changing to a gaseous state due to an increase in temperature and/or pressure.

5. Filtration

   • Filtration is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass through but not the solid.
   • Brewing coffee involves passing hot water through the ground coffee and a filter. The liquid coffee is the filtrate. Steeping tea is much the same, whether you use a tea bag (paper filter) or tea ball (usually, a metal filter).
     • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0s71cjCNWs

6. Sedimentation

   • Sedimentation is a process of separating specifically heavier, suspended matter, than the solution is.
   • Some examples are tea leaves falling to the bottom on a teacup, and mud settles to the bottom of a pond.
     • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=seFuFG_x-b8

7. Centrugation

   • Some examples are removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk, and removing water from wet lettuce in a salad spinner.
     • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEXWd3_fM94&t=1s
   • Centrifugation is the process where a mixture is separated through spinning.

8. Chromatography

   • An example of chromatography is when a chemical reaction is used to cause each of the different size molecules in a liquid compound to separate into their own parts on a piece of paper. YourDictionary definition and usage example
     • Viedo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PvHvx7k7UPU&t=161s
   • Chromatography is a method by which a mixture is separated by distributing its components between two phases. The stationary phase remains fixed in place while the mobile phase carries the components of the mixture through the medium being used.

9. Separating Funnel

   • Is a piece of laboratory glassware used in liquid-liquid extractions to separate (partition) the components of a mixture into two immiscible solvent phases of different densities.
   • An example is oil and water. When the mixture settles, the denser liquid will be at the bottom and drips through the funnel first.
     • Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oqLUIHpqOc&t=73s

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