Jazz

Jazz

1. Traditional Jazz

   • Influences: Blues- Ragtime- Marching Bands
     • Started in clubs in Storyville (the vice area of New Orleans)
       • Instruments were mostly home made (used spoons and washboards)
   • Well known musicians:
     • King Oliver
       • Louis Armstrong
       • Key Song: Riverside blues
   • Big Band/Swing
     • Started in NY and Chicago
       • Featured large orchestras
         • used Double bass, Stride piano, Swing drums, Mute trumpets and woodwind
           • Call and response with improvisation is used
     • 1930s- 40s
     • Commercial broadway music (Cotton Club and Savoy are notable placed)
     • Duke Ellington is notable to play this
   • 1900-1920

2. Bebop

   • Faster than swing and mainly improvised
     • Polyrhythm (multiple rhythms at once)
   • Smaller bands with solo's and call & response
   • Dizzy Gillespie
   • Emerged in the 1940s

3. Cool Jazz

   • Late 40's
   • Smooth and laid back
   • Strange time signatures
   • Small bands
     • Piano
       • Miles Davis
     • drum kits
     • Saxophone
     • Trombone/ Trumpet

4. Free Jazz

   • Sax, bass, drums, violin, trumpet
     • 1950s
       • Doesn't stick to any rules (unique)
         • Ornette Coleman and Weather Report

5. Jazz Fusion

   • 1970s
   • used new technology such as effects on the guitar
     • Experimental vibes to it
       • Mixed with other genres such as rock
         • Used Clarinet, Piano, and keyboards
           • Pat Methany
             • Return to Forever/Question and Answer are known songs
               • Herbie Hancock- The Rocket
                 • Weather Report

6. Vocal Jazz

   • 1920s
   • Crooning vocals
     • Saxophone, Vocals, Drums
       • Scat vocals (where vocals are similar to instruments)
         • Jungle Book- example of Scat vocals
           • Rat Pack- Spoken word style vocals
         • Scat vocals invented by Louis Armstrong
           • Nina Simone
             • Bing Crosby

7. RECORDING STYLES

   • Early Jazz recordings up to the 40's were recorded on a gramophone disc
     • Recorded at 78 rpm
     • They were recorded at once
   • Recorded in Mono
     • Can't record low frequencies well
       • Crackles and hisses in the background