geography GCSE - population

geography GCSE - population

1. birth rate

   • number of babies born per 100 people per year
   • will be higher in LEDC as no contraception
     • could be due to lack of money, development or education
   • lower in MEDC as have careers and education
   • religion affects it
     • dont believe in contraception

2. death rate

   • number of deaths per 1000 people per year
   • war, famine illness affects it
     • in LEDC
   • alchohol at younger ages
     • in MEDC
   • more money for healthcare effect it

3. demographic transition model

   • 5 different stages
   • stage 1
     • high br
     • high dr
     • both change due to war and famine
     • population is stable
     • eg rainforest tribes
   • stage 2
     • dr decreases
     • br stays high
     • pop grows
     • eg afghan
   • stage 3
     • br drops big
     • dr keeps decreasing
     • pop still grows
     • eg ledc india, kenya
   • stage 4
     • low br
     • low dr
     • br fluctuating due to economy
     • e.g. further countries uk, isa
   • stage 5
     • br very low
     • dr higher than br
     • dr increase due to ageing pop
     • total pop decreases
     • e.g. further countries japan, italy

4. population pyramids

   • links with dtm
   • stage 1
     • wide base due to high br
     • steep- high dr
     • short life expectancy
   • stage 2
     • few more elders now
     • less concave
     • dr drops
   • stage 3
     • more people live older
     • br decreasing
   • stage 4
     • most ppl now die at old age
     • high life expectancy
     • br going down
   • stage 5
     • increasing in very old
     • middle aged high than kids

5. dependancy ratio

   • too between dependant and independent
     • work for themselves
     • need looking after (kids, elderly)
   • dependant x 100 independent
     • (0-15)+(65+) divide by (16-64) times 100

6. CASE STUDY

   • china's one child policy
     • put in place because pop was too big, i billion in 1970
       • was relaxed after sichuan earthquake
     • rules
       • can't marry until 20
       • only one baby
       • boys were more wanted
         • lots of girls died in orphanages
     • benefits to people
       • 5-10% salary rise
       • priority housing
       • free education & healthcare
     • if disobeyed
       • 10% salary cut
       • fine was so big would bankrupt you
       • no free stuff
     • if 2 only childs had baby they can have two
       • rich ppl would have two as can afford fines
     • 4,2,1 problem
       • wasting money on pensions as lots of old
       • not enough independent ppl

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