Cognitive 2

Cognitive 2

1. WORKING MEMORY MODEL

   • Central executive
     • Phonological loop
       • Visuo-spatial sketch pad
         • Episodic buffer
           • Long term storage
         • Visual or spatial info
       • Auditory information
     • Direct attention to tasks
     • Determine how resources are allocated
   • Baddeley & Hitch
     • Asked people to recite 6 digits whilst performing a reasoning task . Didn't affect accuracy, just speed
   • Baddeley
     • The phonological loop is affected by length of words

2. EYE WITNESS TESTIMONY

   • Evidence given in court by someone who has witnessed the crime/accident
   • Bartlett
     • Asked people to read a story then recall it- details were changed and lost
   • Misleading questions
     • Loftus & Palmer- watched a video of car crash- 'smashed' and 'hit'
   • Age
     • Coxon & Valentine- Children were affected more by misleading questions
     • Rhodes- Better memory with people of similar age
   • Weapon focus
     • Loftus- pen/ knife

3. COGNITIVE INTERVIEW

   • Fisher & Geiselman
   • Report everything
   • Mental reinstatement
   • Changing the order
   • Changing the perspective
   • Kohnken- 53 studies show improved witness recall

4. MEMORY IMPROVEMENT

   • Verbal mnemonics
   • Organisation
   • Visual imagery mnemonics
   • Chunking
   • Conceptual hierarchy- organising into subtitles
   • Peg-word system- basic internal structure which you link things on to
   • Method of loci- visual imagery