Question 4

Question 4

1. Aerobic exercise (p.543)

   • Increased levels of BDNF (p.97)
   • Preservation of hippocampal volume (p.55)
   • Increased generation of new neurons in mice (p.54)
   • Prevents WMH and associated declines (p.45-46)

2. Normative Cognitive Aging (pp.45-46)

   • Reduced processing speed
   • Decline in executive functions
   • Memory decline
   • Prefrontal cortex dysfunction
   • Decreased generation of new neurons

3. Environmental Enrichment

   • New Learning and structural changes (p.54)
   • Enhanced generation of new neurons (p.54
   • Increased generation of new neurons in mice (p.54)
   • Training (p.53)

4. Neural Plasticity

   • Neural stem cells (p.53)
   • Plasticity reduces with age (p.54)
   • STAC (p.50)
   • Compensatory bilateral activation (pp.48-49)
   • Definition (p.19, p.97)

5. Policy Implications

   • Increase availability of opportunities for exercise and training
   • Fund research
   • Awareness/Education
   • Incentivise