Migration

Migration

1. International Migration

   • Mexico to USA
     • Why do people cross the border?
       • Better healthcare
         • More qualified doctors per person
       • Higher paid Jobs
       • Better/ more housing
       • Safer environment
     • Conditions in Mexico
       • Extreme Heat
         • 70 degrees
         • Most of the land is dry deserts
       • Dangerous animals
         • Rattle Snakes
       • Not enough qualified doctors
         • Lots of people die
           • Wild animals free to roam around
       • No proper police force
         • Lots of crime
           • Increased drug crime
         • Low paid jobs
     • Conditions in the USA
       • More job opportunities
         • Better paid
       • Better Education
       • Safer environment
       • Good health care
   • Mexican border over 3,000 km long
   • Some people die whilst crossing the border in the baking heat

2. National Migration

   • Brazil NE to SE
     • Why do people go to the SE?
       • Better jobs
         • Higher pay
       • Better access to potable water
       • Better Healthcare
         • More doctors
       • Better education
   • Due to overpopulation, many people who travel to the SE soon discover that there is no place to live therefore the immigrants had to build their own housing.
     • Brazil Favelas
       • Known as Rocinha
         • Context
           • Unhygienic
             • Lack of potable water
               • No waste disposal systems
           • extreme poverty
             • Only have basic appliances
               • Things leak
                 • Lots of people crowded into one house
                   • People often share beds
             • Inexpensive entertainment
           • Houses made out of scrap materials
             • Houses at the top are better
               • Kids fly kites
               • Good view
           • Rocinha is built on a steep, rocky and dangerous hillside surrounded by trees
           • 11.6 million people live in Rocinha making it the largest favela in Brazil
           • There are a few small shops but no schools or hospitals in Rocinha due to it being illegal
             • The police cannot do much about the illegal shanty towns due to the amount of people that live there
           • 80% of people in Rocinha are employed to do informal jobs (cleaners, self-employed). Many other people are involved in gangs and deal drugs which has led to an increase of knife crime
           • 1995 Favela Bairro Plan
             • Main objectives 1. integrate Favlas into the city through infrastructure 2. prevent future land invasions 3. Provide more low-cost housing
             • Houses in Rocinha can be upgraded by Government providing bricks, cement and glass
               • Electricity and clean, running water has recently been installed into Rocinha and other shanty towns
         • Improvements made to the Favelas
           • Low interest loans to improve houses
           • Water pumps and toilets built and sewage systems - potable water- added water pipes
           • paved streets - better footpaths - stronger building material - tall apartment blocks built - more room to house people
           • Health services improved- weekly check-ups - more medical supplies
             • Hospitals and GP's built
           • Rural investments - encourage people to stay there - reduces overpopulation in the urban city
           • More and better transport - more bus routes - better road conditions
           • Schools built - better education

3. Push factors = things that make you want to leave that country

   • Racism: discrimination is not nice to live with - makes you want to leave
   • Environmental factors: unsafe to live there, high crime rates, better resources elsewhere
   • Persecution: wants to escape wrongful punishment

4. Pull factors = things that draw you to another country

   • Freedom of speech: free to speak without persecution
   • Racism: to escape racism
   • Employment: to get a job that is well paid with good working conditions
   • Education: available to everyone
   • Freedom of religion: being able to express yourself and not having to hide what you believe in