Mapa mental

Glycoconjugates

Salome Sanchez Torres Inglês

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Glycoconjugates

With Protein
- Glycoaminoglycans
  - Composition
    - Polysaccharides, one of the components is:
      - D- Galactosamine or D- Glucosamine
      - Phosphate groups
  - Associated pathology
  - Classification
    - Hyaluronates
      - Function
        Displace significant volume of water
        Lubricant
        Shock absorber
      - Location
        Synovial fluid, vitreous humor, ECM of connective tissues
      - Disaccharide composition
        D-glucuronic acid + N-acetylglucosamine
    - Chondroitin
      - Chondroitin-4-sulfate
        Disaccharide composition
        D-glucuronic acid + N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate
      - Location
        Cartilage, bone, heart valves
      - Function
        Provides cushioning to cartilage
      - Chondroitin-6-sulfate
        Disaccharide composition
        D-glucuronic acid + N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate
    - Dermatan sulfate
      - Disaccharide composition
        L-iduronic acid + N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate
      - Location
        Skin, blood vessels, heart valves
      - Function
        Modulates
        Cardiovascular disease
        Oncogenesis
        Infection / Wound Healing
        Fibrosis
        Cellular behavior
    - Keratin sulfate
      - Disaccharide composition
        Galactoa or galactose-6-phosphate + N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate
      - Location
        Bone, cartilage, cornea
      - Function
        Recognition
        Cellular protein ligands
        Axonal guide
        Cellular mobility
        Corneal transparency
        Embryo implantation
    - Heparan sulfate
      - Disaccharide composition
        Glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid-2-sulfate + N-sulfaminoglucosamine or N-acetylglucosamine
      - Location
        Basal lamina, normal component of the cell surface
      - Function
        Facilitates interaction with FGF and its receptor
    - Heparin
      - Disaccharide composition
        Glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid-2-sulfate + N-sulfamylglucosamine or N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate
      - Function
        Anticuagulante
        Facilitates interactions with FGF and receptor
      - Location
        Mast cell and basophil granules
- Proteoglycans
  - Associated pathology
  - Composition
    - Proteins + Glucosaminoglycans
      - Electrostatic forces
      - It involves trisaccharide composed of residues of:
        Galactose
        Xylose
  - Classification
    - Aggrecano
      - Composition
        Hyaluronan + Binding protein + Keratan sulfate and Chondroitin sulfate
      - Location
        Cartilage and chondrocytes
      - Function
        Hydration of the extracellular matrix of cartilage
    - Decorin
      - Composition
        Small protein + 1 chain chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate
      - Location
        Conjunctive tissue. fibroblasts, cartilage, and bone
      - Function
        Collagenous fibrillogenesis
        Regulates fibril thickness
        Interacts with transforming growth factor beta
    - Versican
      - Composition
        Binding protein + oligosaccharides + chondroitin sulfate
      - Location
        Fibroblasts, skin, smooth muscle, brain and mesangial cells of the kidney
      - Function
        Cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interaction
        Binds to fibulin-1
    - Syndecan
      - Composition
        Proteoglycans + heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate
      - Location
        Embryonic epithelia, mesenchymal cells, cells of developing lymphatic tissues, lymphocytes, and plasma cells
      - Function
        Fixes collagens, heparin, tenascin and fibronectin
- Glycoproteins
  - Composition
    - Proteins + Oligosaccharides
      - As lectins
    - Main associated sugars
      - Galactose Glucose Mannose Xylose N-acetylneuraminic acid Fucosa N-acetylgalactosamine acid N-acetylglucosamine acid
  - Associated pathology
  - Classification
    - Fibronectin
      - Composition
        2 similar peptides linked by a disulfide bond
      - Location
        MEC
      - Function
        Cell adhesionibrin
        Media migration
        Binding for Integrins, Type IV Collagen, Heparin, and Fibrin
    - Laminin
      - Composition
        3 polypeptides
      - Location
        Basal laminae of all epithelial cells, outer laminae of muscle cells, adipocytes, and Schwann cells
      - Function
        Fixes cell surfaces to basal lamina
        Has binding sites for type IV collagen, haparan sulfate, heparin, enactin, laminin and integrin receptors on the cell surface
    - Tenascin
      - Composition
        6-chain protein linked by disulfide bonds
      - Location
        Embryonal mesenchyme, perichondrium, periosteum, musculotendinous junctions, wounds and tumors
      - Function
        Modulates cell adhesion to ECM
        Binding for fibronectin, heparin, growth factors, integrin, and CAM
    - Osteopontin
      - Composition
        Single chain glycosylated polypeptide
      - Location
        Bone
      - Function
        Unites osteoclasts
        Binding for calcium, hydroxypatite, and integrin receptors on the osteocyte membrane
    - Entactin / Nidogen
      - Composition
        Sulfated glycoprotein
      - Location
        Basal lamina
      - Function
        Links lamina and type IV collagen Binding sites for perlecan and fibronectin
With Lipids
- Glycolipids
  - Composition
    - Membrane lipids + olgosaccharides
      - Ceramide + Glycoside
        Galactose Mannose Fucosa Glucose
  - Function
    - Gives the membrane
      - Fluency
      - Flexibility
      - Curvature
    - Protection of
      - Low pH
      - Recognition
      - Degradation by enzymes
  - Location
    - Plasma membrane
      - Especially neurons
  - Associated pathology
    - Related to the nervous system
  - Classification
- Lipolysaccharides
  - Found only on the bacterial membrane
Interconversion of mannose, galactose, and clucose to nucleotic sugars
Synthesis of amino sugars and sialic acid

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Descrição: Mapa Mental sobre Glycoconjugates, criado por Salome Sanchez Torres em 16-10-2020.
Criado por: Salome Sanchez Torres
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Glycoconjugates

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